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of certain types of transactions (e.g., largecash transactions); ascertaining the identityof clients; and making reports of suspicioustransactions to the Financial Transactionsand Reports Analysis Centre of Canada.Provincial LawsAs a result of the jurisdictional division ofpowers within Canada, internationalagreements entered into by the federalgovernment which affect matters underprovincial jurisdiction cannot come intoeffect until they have received provincialapproval. One of the areas of primaryprovincial jurisdiction is the regulation ofproperty and civil rights, which includes thelaw of contracts. Accordingly, internationalagreements only come into force afterprovincial implementation. Two examplesare the United Nations Convention onContracts for the International Sale ofGoods ("CCISG") and the UNCITRALModel Law on International CommercialArbitration ("MLICA"). The CCISG containsrules governing contract formation,breaches of contract and the obligations ofsellers and buyers of goods. The MLICAgoverns the conduct of arbitrations betweenparties that have their places of business indifferent countries. Both the CCISG andMLICA (and the related United NationsConvention on the Recognition andEnforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards)have been enacted by all four AtlanticProvinces.As each of the Canadian provinces has thepower to regulate trade and commercewithin its boundaries, differences instandards and licensing regimes can createinterprovincial barriers to trade. Althoughmany of these barriers have come down inrecent years, when operating in the AtlanticCanadian market it is important to confirmthe standards and licensing requirements ineach of the four provinces.DOMESTIC TRADE/FEDERALREGULATIONMost business conduct in Canada isgoverned by the Competition Act which isintended to promote competition andefficiency in the Canadian marketplace.Under the Act, prohibited activities arecategorized as either criminal offences orcivilly reviewable conduct. Specific activitieswhich attract criminal sanctions include bidrigging,knowingly or recklessly makingfalse or misleading representations to thepublic, deceptive telemarketing, deceptiveprize winning notices, double ticketing (thecharging of the higher of two pricesindicated on a product), and pyramid sellingschemes.Predatory pricing, price discrimination anddiscrimination through promotionalallowances have all been decriminalized bythe recent amendments to the CompetitionAct which took effect in March 2010.However, the same behaviour has beenincluded as "anti-competitive acts" and maybe pursued by the Competition Bureau on acivil review basis. Although no criminalsanctions will be rendered, severeadministrative monetary penalties will apply.The amendments also introduced a twotrackreview for collaboration amongcompetitors (i.e. conspiracies) - a criminalreview for the most egregious acts, and acivil review for anti-competitive, but notcriminal, activity. Arrangements withcompetitors to fix prices, allocate customersTrade and Business Conduct Regulation43