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correlated with the evaluations given at the end of the semester. They found a strongcorrelation, much stronger than might be expected since the students based their initialevaluations only on watching a thirty-second video clip of the lecturer, with the soundturned off. 61A half-minute watching body language apparently told the studentseverything they would ever need to evaluate their teachers.Recognizing that confidence is important in the courtroom is one thing; instillingconfidence is another. A person who feels confident should have little trouble exudingconfidence, but a person who is shy or racked with self-doubt usually can’t changecharacter overnight. An obvious lack of self-confidence is most likely to be seen inwitnesses who tend to be perfectionists or very insecure and have become convincedthat there was something they could have done to prevent something that went terriblywrong. Facts won’t change their mind, as we’ve already noted.What the introverts need is a shot of testosterone, and less cortisol. Both are hormonesthat are present in humans and other primates. Testosterone is associated withdominance and power (in both males and females), while cortisol is associated withstress. The levels of those hormones change in individuals as their roles change.When a person assumes a leadership position, her testosterone level will rise and hercortisol level will fall in just a few days. 62A leadership position is what we want our witness to assume, but she is assigned to arole that is inherently powerless. She has no control over the court’s agenda, the date61 Id. at 184.62 Cuddy, supra note 36 at 51.31