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226C H A P T E R X I I IHowever, the creator of a work (or its titleholder) can request the National CopyrightInstitute (Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor, INDAUTOR) to register the work in orderto have evidence of ownership rights. Although the registration of a work does not createrights (since the protection is granted by the simple materialization of the work) itis declarative and is considered preferred evidence. 1This registration process is carried out before INDAUTOR, for which the official formmust be filed, along with the necessary documents (two copies of the work to be registered,the receipt for payment of the fees, and, if applicable, the power of attorney andthe document that shows the holding of the economic rights). 2 The registration proceduretakes about 15 business days, counting from the day following the date on whichthe registration was requested; and at the end of such term a certificate of registration ofthe work is delivered to the petitioner.The Federal Copyright Law (Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor, LFDA) makes specific referenceto the different branches for which such protection will be granted, among whichare works of literature, music (with or without words), drama, dance, paintings or drawings,sculptures and sculpted works, cartoons or comic books, architecture, cinematographyand other audiovisual works, radio and television programs, computer programs,photography, applied art works including graphic or textile design, and compendiums. 3This list is not exhaustive or restrictive, since all other works that by analogy may be consideredliterary or artistic works will be included in the mentioned protection, in eachcase under the branch closest to its nature.However, not every work can be subject to protection, some works being excluded onaccount of their contents, 4 or because they are an unauthorized reproduction or imitation ofnational symbols, or statutory, administrative, or judicial texts, or their official translations. 5Under the terms of the LFDA, the protection to which we have referred implies for theholder two kinds of rights, a moral right and an economic right.__________1In spite of what has been stated, in practice a certificate showing the registration of a work is necessary inorder to be able to file a claim against a third party for copyright infringement.2With regard to computer programs or systems, a print of the first 10 pages and a print of the last 10 pagesof the source code must be annexed.3Compendiums are collections of works, such as encyclopedias and anthologies, or of other elements, such asdatabases, provided such collections constitute an intellectual creation, due to their selection or the arrangementof their contents or materials.4The following are excluded from all protection: ideas, formulas, solutions, concepts, methods, systems,principles, discoveries, processes, and inventions of any type; industrial and commercial uses of theideas contained in a work; schemes, plans, or rules for performing mental acts, games, or businesses;isolated letters, digits, or colors unless they are styled in such a way as to make them original drawings; isolatednames, titles, or phrases; simple blank forms to be filled out with any type of information, as wellas instruction sheets.5However, concordances, interpretations, comparative studies, annotations, comments, and other similarworks that involve, on behalf of the author, creation of an original work, are subject to protection.