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of any person, whether a party or someone foreign to the case, without any limitation otherthan that the evidence is not prohibited by the law or immoral.The courts can decree at any time, whatever the nature of the business, the carryingout or broadening of any evidentiary investigation, provided it is conducive to findingthe truth about the disputed points.The evidence must be prepared in advance in order to be exhibited in the hearing.Once the evidence has been received, the court will direct the parties or their attorneysor representatives to make their arguments. This stage is called the closing arguments(alegatos) and the parties can present their conclusions in writing.342C H A P T E R X X I I4.4.3. DecisionOnce the evidentiary stage and closing arguments are concluded, the judge will issue thedecision. It is issued in writing and contains a brief description of the facts, as well asthe opinion and legal analysis made by the judge on which he or she supports the decisionand ruling.4.4.4. Procedure for executing the decisionA decision that has become final and is immediately available for execution, or whichmust be executed because the corresponding bond has been granted, will be executedby the judge who heard the first instance claim. All the expenses and costs caused by theexecution of the decision will be covered by the losing party.4.5. Commercial ProceedingsCommercial proceedings are those intended to air and resolve disputes arising fromcommercial acts. Furthermore, when one of the parties is a merchant (including all commercialcompanies), the rules to be applied are the rules applicable to acts of commerce,contemplated in the commercial law and regulated in the Commerce Code. A person isconsidered a merchant when such person engages in some commercial transaction.Commercial law establishes in the Commerce Code three types of commercial proceedings:summary proceedings, special proceedings and ordinary proceedings. Thesummary proceeding is used when the claim is based on a document ready for execution(such as a promissory note, acknowledgment of debt, etc.); the special proceedingis used when there is a specific treatment for a specific premise in thecommercial laws; and the ordinary proceeding is for all other cases.The ordinary proceeding follows almost the same process as explained in the sectionon the civil proceeding. The summary commercial proceeding, on the otherhand, differs from a civil proceeding in that there must be an instrument that isready for execution. The claimant must present its claim accompanied by the instrument