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Reproduction in Domestic Animals

Reproduction in Domestic Animals

Reproduction in Domestic Animals

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Seasonality of <strong>Reproduction</strong> <strong>in</strong> Mammals 45ConclusionThe seasonality of animal products release is more theconsequence of <strong>in</strong>teractions between the naturalendogenous rhythmicity of animals and environmentalconstra<strong>in</strong>ts than a deliberate choice of the farmer toproduce at a def<strong>in</strong>ite season. In most seasonal speciesand breeds <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> these productions, specificphotoperiodic treatments derived, at least <strong>in</strong> part,from the cumulative knowledge of physiological mechanisms<strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> the control of the reproductivefunction, have progressively been proposed to overcomethe problem raised by the seasonal availability ofreproduction-derived products. In mammals, suchtreatments should be taken as an <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g alternativeto classical hormonal treatments <strong>in</strong> a general contextof reduction of hormonal utilization <strong>in</strong> more susta<strong>in</strong>ableanimal production systems. The existence ofstrong genetic bases for seasonality of reproductiveactivity <strong>in</strong> the ma<strong>in</strong> farm animal species should befurther explored to propose selection criteria and ⁄ orgene markers accessible to primary breeder and producerorganizations will<strong>in</strong>g to reduce seasonality <strong>in</strong>their flocks.ReferencesAdams VL, Goodman RL, Salm AK, Coolen LM, Karsch FJ,Lehman MN, 2006: Morphological plasticity <strong>in</strong> the neuralcircuitry responsible for seasonal breed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the ewe.Endocr<strong>in</strong>ology 147, 4843–4851.Agabriel J, Blanc F, Egal D, Dhour P, 2004: Influencescomb<strong>in</strong>ées de la saison de mise bas et de l’exposition autaureau sur la venue en cyclicite´ de vaches Charolaises.Rencontres Recherches Rum<strong>in</strong>ants Paris 8-9 de´c 11, 398.Al-Shorepy SR, Notter DR, 1997: Response to selection forfertility <strong>in</strong> a fall-lamb<strong>in</strong>g sheep flock. 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Inra Publications,Versailles, France, pp. 1–84.Guillaume D, 1996: Action de la photope´riode sur la reproductiondes équidés. Prod Anim 9, 61–69.Hafez ESE, 1952: Studies on the breed<strong>in</strong>g season andreproduction of the ewe. J Agric Sci 42, 189–265.Hanocq E, Bod<strong>in</strong> L, Thimonier J, Teyssier J, Malpaux B,Chem<strong>in</strong>eau P, 1999: Genetics parameters of spontaneousspr<strong>in</strong>g ovulatory activity <strong>in</strong> Mer<strong>in</strong>os d’Arles sheep. GenetSel Evol 31, 77–90.Hanrahan JP, 1987: Genetic variation <strong>in</strong> seasonal reproduction<strong>in</strong> sheep. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs 38th Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g of theEuropean Association for Animal Production, Lisbon,Portugal, 28 September–1 October, 14 pp.Ingrand S, Cournut S, Dedieu B, Antheaume F, 2003: Laconduite de la reproduction du troupeau de vaches allaitantes:mode´lisation des prises de décision. Prod Anim 16,263–270.Jansen HT, Jackson GL, 1993: Circannual rhythms <strong>in</strong> theewe: patterns of ovarian cycles and prolact<strong>in</strong> secretionunder two different constant photoperiods. Biol Reprod49, 627–634.Karsch FJ, Bittman EL, Foster DL, Goodman RL, Legan SJ,Rob<strong>in</strong>son JE, 1984: Neuroendocr<strong>in</strong>e basis of seasonalreproduction. Recent Progress Hormone Res 40, 185–232.Ó 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation Ó 2008 Blackwell Verlag

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