Chau Ju-Kua - University of Oregon Libraries

100 CHOIiA DOMINION. 1,19
cerning the kings of Chu-lien, Ma Tuan-lin and the Simg-shi (loc. cit.) supply a few additional
facts of considerable interest. They say: «At the present time it is stated that the ruling sove-
reigns (of Chu-lien) have reigned for three generations)). The first mission from Chu-lien to
China, in 1015, stated that the king of their country was called Lo-ts'a-lo-tsa, which probably
stands for Kaja-raja. In 1033 the Chu-lien envoy said his king was called ShI-lo-lo-cha yin-to- 5
lo-chu-lo, which may well be Sri Raja Indra Chela; and in 1077 the king of Chu-lien, his envoy
stated at that time, was Ti-hua-kia-lo, standing probably for Dewar Kala (or Kara or.Deva-kuIa).
Kashideddin (Elliot, Hist, of India, I, 69) says^the king of Ma'bar was called Dewar, M'hich
means in the Mabar language, the olord of wealth». The words oat the present time» very
probably mean «at the time of the mission of 1077», and this date would appear to be the latest 10
for any of the information given by Sung writers concerning Chu-lien, their earliest information
going back to 1015, when the first mission came to China. Cf. Gerini, Kesearches, 609,624.
The Ling-wai-tai-ta, after the words quoted in our text has «the king's cap has on it
lustrous pearls and other jewels)). Duarte Barbosa speaking of the king of Calicut, says «This
king has a thousand waiting women, to whom he gives regular pay, and they are always at the 15
court, to sweep the palaces and houses of the king: and this he does for state, because fifty would
be enough to sweep . . . And these women do not all serve, but take turns in the service . . . i; . D u a r t e
Barbosa, Descript. coasts of East Africa and Malabar, 111. (Hakl. Soc. edit.).
7) Probably a kind of very fine muslin, made in various localities of western Asia. Our
author mentions «white yue-no cloth» as a product of Baghdad and of Ki-tz'i-ni (Ghazni), and 20
«gold spangled yiXe-no cloth)) as a manufacture of Damascus (Lu-mei). See infra, Pt. II, Ch. XXVII.
8) Quotation from the Ling-wai-tai-ta, loc. cit. After the words quoted in the first paragraph
it continues: aand there are some who bestow upon them (the elephants) embroidered
housings and golden mangers. Every day the elephants are taken into the presence of the king.
The king, his officers and the people all twist their hair into a knot, and wrap (themselves) in white 25
cotton cloth. They make coins of gold and silver. The country produces ( HJ) finger-rings, camphor,
cat's-eyes and such like things; also pearls, elephants' tusks, amber of diiferent colours and cotton
stuffs with coloured silk threads ("m ^^ "llj)"-
9) The yu-Tcan, t'6ng-lo, and kan-lo are, so far as I am aware, unidentified. aK'un-lun
plums may have been a fruit also met with in the Malay (K'un-lun) country. The Tcan-lo is said 30
in the Shi-ki to be the same as the Tcan-mau-sun ("H' /j^ •^)- ^^^ China Review, XIX, 193.
This does not help us, however.
10) Most of these flowers are indetermined, the names seem to be foreign. Instead of sho-
ts i-sang the Simg-shi (489), which reproduces this paragraph, has sM-ts'i-fo ('^). Sang is the
Chinese name of the mulberry tree, but here the character is probably used phonetically. 35
11) The passage in brackets is taken from the Ling-wai-tai-ta, loc. cit. Chou K'u-fei,
Chau Ju-kua, Ma Tuan-lin and the author of the Sung-sh!, all appear to have derived their
information concerning this mission from one and the same written source. Ma and the Sung-shl
(489,20—m) contain information not found in the works of the two earlier writers. The Sung-shi says
the principal envoy from Chu-lien was called So-li San-won (^^ J9 ^^ ^);So-li, I take it, 40
represents the name Chola. Concerning the voyage of the mission to China, this envoy said:
wAfter leaving Chu-lien they had sailed for 77 days and nights, during which they passed the
island (or headland) of Na-wu-tan (^ ^ ^ |lj ) and the island of So-li Si-lan (^ M
® ^ ill Ceylon of the Cholas?), and came to the country of Chan-pin (Jb ^ not identified,
but presumably in Pegu). Thence going 61 days and nights they passed the island of I-ma-lo-li 45
°°* identified), and ^W nH' ^E S. came to the country of Ku-lo ("dtr ^S possibly on W.
coast Malay Peninsula, but see infra, p. 124, n. 25), in which there is a mountain called Ku-lo,
from which the country takes its name.
«Proceeding again 71 days and nights and passing the island of Kia-pa Chx\ /V \\\
not identified), the island of Chan (or Ku)-pu-lau {^ [or ~^'\ ^ ^ Cham pulo) and the 50
island of Ch6u-pau-lung (-^ ^ ^^ not identified), they came to the country of San-fo-ts'i.
aGoing again for 18 days and nights and having crossed (or passed by B^ ) the mouth of
the Man-shan river (? ^ |Jj -^ P in Kamboja?) and the T'ien-chu islands (^ hk |Jj