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I'^ PALE5IBANG. 65
(SeUm'3) birthday, which was celebrated while he was there, says that «for that day he weighed
himselfe m a paire of golden Scales, which by great chance I saw the same day (a custome that
be observes most inviolably every yeare) laying so much gold in the other Scale as countervaileth
the weight of his bodie, and the same he afterward distributed to the pooro.. Purchas, His
5 Pilgrimes, IV, 473. See also.Sir Thomas Roe's Embassy, II, 411 (Hakluyt J Soc. edit.) and Lassen,
'
)
Op. cit. Ill, 810. IV, \
273.
12) Lung-ts'ing transcribes probably some Malay word. The first syllable may stand for
Amng «king», by which some of the princes in the Malay states were called. Crawfurd, Op. cit.
I, 12. In Sumatra, or more properly in the Rejang country, the princes were called Pangeran—
10 but this may not always have been the case. Marsden, History of Sumatra, I, 387.
Sung-shi, 4M,i2says that the style or mode of address to (^) the king of San-fo-ts'i
was «Chan-pei» (
or «Djambi». Djambi was a town which, after the Javanese conquest
ig ^)
in 1377, became the capital of eastern Sumatra. It was, however, an important place already in
the eleventh century, for in 1079 and in 1088 it sent a tribute mission to the Court of China. See
J5 infra, p. 66, n. 18. It may be that the name Chan-pei came to be used as equivalent to San-fo-ts"i,
and that the Sultan was usually spoken of as «the Djambi Rajan.
13) Sha-hu, in Malay sagu, the term used among all the western tribes of the Archipelago
for the sago palm and the farina extracted from it. Crawfurd, History, I, 387, and infra, p. 84.
14) This tradition may be in some way connected with what we are told of the native
^0 etymology of the name Menang-kabau. Marsden (Hist! Sumatra, 266) says it is derived from
menang «to win» and carhow «a bufFalo»; «from the story, which carries a very fabulous air, of
a famous engagement on that spot, between the buffalos and tigers; in which the former are
reported to have acquired a complete victory». See also Marre, Histoire des Rois de Pasey, 103.
125—12, and Gerini, Researches, 641.
25 15) On these various products, see infra, Pt. II.
16) The earliest date assigned for the first invasion or migration of the Sumatrans to the
Malay Peninsula is the middle of the twelfth century — 1160, and Crawfurd (History, II, 373
et seqq.) is inclined to think it was even later.
(1) P'6ng-f6ng is generally identified with Pahang on the E. coast of the Malay Peninsula.
30 Bretschneider, Chin. Rev. IV, 387; Pelliot, B. E. F. E. 0. IV, 344, n. 4. Gerini, J. R. A. S.
1905, 499 and Researches, 599, without attempting to identify it, thinks it must be looked for on
the N. coast of Sumatra, where he locates most of the dependencies of San-fo-ts'i. The localities
which he mentions as the probable equivalents of the Chinese names, have, at all events, names
which resemble them in sound. Some of his identifications appear correct, some possible, two
?5 quite impossible — Sin-t'o and Si-lan.
(2) X6ng-ya-n6ng, identified with Trengganu or Tringgano on the Malay Peninsula. It is
mentioned at the end of the fourteenth century as a dependency of the Majapahit empire. Phillips,
J. C. B. R. A. S.