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1,2 AKNAM. 49
by the government, is set free for barter. If there be goods omitted from the
manifest they are confiscated.
Foreign merchants trade in camphor, musk, sandal-wood, lacquer-ware,
' porcelain, lead, tin, samshu and sugar.
5 The dependencies of this country are ^° :
Kiu-ch6u
(^JH)
Wu-li t%^^)
Wu-ma-pa (.^ ^ ;^)
Lung-yung (^ ^)
Ji-li (a m)__ P'u-lo-kan-wu (^jf M "M^ JD
Yiig-li (^ ^a-) 10 Liang-pau (^ ^)
10 5 Wei-jui Ci^ p^) Pi-ts'i (HJfc ^)
Pin-t'ung-lung (g Bf f|)
This country (of Chan-ch'ong) had only infrequent relations with former
Chinese dynasties. During the hien-to period of the later Ch6u (951—960)
it sent its first tribute mission. During the JcHen-lung and kHen-lo periods of
15 the present dynasty (960— 967) it sent native products as tribute.
In the sixth year of the t'ai-pHng-liing-kuo period (981) ^\ Li Huan
(^ iM) of Kiau-chi informed the Emperor that he wished to return ninetythree
Chinese prisoners of war to the Imperial Capital. The Emperor T'ai-
tsung ordered them to stop at Kuang-chou and provided them with sub-
20 sistence. From that time (Chan-ch'ong) has constantly presented tribute, and
has been enabled through the presents so freely bestowed by the Imperial
bounty to express its admiration for Chinese civilization.
A five to seven days' journey south of this country brings one to the
kingdom of Chon-la (Kamboja).
25 Notes.
1) During the Sung dynasty the kingdom of Chan-ch'ong extended along the greater part
of the Annam and Tongking coasts, to within two days sailing of (the town of) Kiau-chi. Sung-
shi, 489,1. It corresponded roughly with^the old kingdom of Lin-i (;fc|t |^), which, in the
seventh century became also known to the Chinese, through the travels of Huan-tsang, by its
30 Buddhist Indian name of Mo-ho Chan-po (J® gSj" Hp '^) or Maha Champa, from which in
turn have been formed the various Chinese names given this
-t+f
country, Chan-ch'ong, Chan-p'o
(A ^^) ^^^ Chan-pa (Jt /\, or fflU /V)) ^^^ ^^^^ mentioned being occasionally used during
the Mongol dynasty. Yttan-shi, 23. In the middle of the eighth century the name Lin-i was changed
to that of Huan-wang H^^ 3E)' '"'^"^ designation it retained until the beginning of the
35 ninth century, when it was called Chan-ch'ong. In 1177 Chan-ch'ong conquered Chon-la, but in
1199 it was in turn conquered by the latter country, the dynasty overthrown and a native of
Chon-la placed on the throne. Our author mentions these latter events in his chapter on Chon-la,
reproducing some facts from the Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,ii.
2) Yung-ch6u was the name by which was known during the T'ang dynasty the present
40 Nan-ning (j^ ^) in the Tso-kiang circuit in the province of Kuang-si. Play fair. Cities
and Towns of China, 244. A» 5116.
3) Pelliot, B. E. F. E. 0., IV, 202—208 calls attention to the fact that the Tung-si-yang-
k'au (a sixteenth century work), 9, and the Ming-shi, 324, apply the name of Sin-ch6u to the port of
4