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102 BAGHDAD. 1, 19
rently been lost, Lut what may be an extract from it has been preserved in the T'ang shu, 43,
w'bere wo find a number of'itineraries and sailing directions to various parts of Asia. — A trans-
lation of Kia Tan's sailing directions from Canton to the Persian Gulf is given in the Introduction
(supra, pp. 10—14). Pelliot, B. E. F. E. 0., IV, 131 et seqq., has translated and studied with
great care those relating to S. E. Asia, and Chavannes has translated and annotated, with his 5
usual learning, two itineraries of Kia Tan's referring to Central Asia, in his Documents sur les
Tou-Mou6 occidentaux, 7— 10.
14) Although P'6ng-k'ie-lo suggests Bangala, Bengal, I am disposed to think it possible that
the ((kingdom of the Balhara ((..liaJo))) of mediaeval Arab writers is meant. Elliot, Hist, of Intlia,
I, 358, says «the Tapti on the south, and the Aravalli mountains on the north, may perhaps 10
represent an approximation to the real extent of the kingdoms. The native products mentioned
do not assist us in locating it; as to the name of the capital city, it remains unidentified. T6u-lo is
Sanskrit tula ((cottons.
15) This paragraph and all the subsequent passages marked with brackets are quotations
from the Ling-wai-tai-ta, 3,5. Nan-ni-hua-lo or Southern Ni-hua-lo is not mentioned in any other .15
Chinese work, before or after Ch6u and Chau. The fact that it was exposed to the raids of the
light horsemen of the West and that it produced the best putchuk, incline me to believe it must
have been in Sindh.
supra p. 89.
16) Fo in this case and in the next paragraph, is to be taken as meaning Brahma. Conf.
17) The Ling-wai-tai-ta, after the words aoffer flowers», has «the altars are also smeared
-with cow-dungo.
, 18) Mohammedans were treated thus through caste prejudice, not to show them special honour.
19) Su-lo, literally ohard 2o», aniju-lo —''literally «milk lo», usually mean ((buttern and
«milli». There can be little doubt that, when used in connection with India or southern Asia, these 25
words should be taken in their usual acceptations. When used in reference to Mongol and Turkish
•countries, ju-lo has often a different meaning — adried sour milk». See infra, Ch. XXXII.
20) ((Light horsemen of the Westn may be a reference to the early Moslim invaders of
Sindh in the latter part of the seventh and beginning of the eighth century.
20. 30
BAGHDAD.
Ta-ts'in (^^ ^).
«The country of Ta-ts'in», also called Li-kien (^ ^), «is the general
mart of the natives of the Western Heaven, the place where the foreign
merchants of the Ta-shi assemble» ^ 35
«Their king is styled Ma-lo-fu» (^ R^ _^);» he rules in the city of
An-tu (^ f5) 2. «He wears a turban of silk with gold embroidered cha-
racters, and the throne he sits upon is covered with a silken rug»^
wThey have walled cities» and markets with wards and streets. «In the
king's residence)) they use crystal in making pillars, and aplaster in guise of 4o
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