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50 AXXAM. 1,2
Binh-dinh, Thi-nai, which we call Quinhon. This town, he adds, is the same as Sha-ban of the
Annamese, which was their capital in the early part of the fourteenth century. In another passage
(op. cii, 198—202) Pelliot places the capital of Chan-ch'ong near the Quang-nam river in
Annam, at the present village of Dong-duong, anciently called Indrapura. Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,io
says the capital was called Chan-ch'ong like the kingdom. Gerini, Researches, 238, says it is the 5
same as the Senef of the Arabs.
4) Ling-wai-tai-ta, 10,u says that in Tongking, Chan-ch'ong and Chon-la there was a kind
of litter (^ ^) made of cotton cloth. It had one pole, a covering of overlapping pieces of
matting, and was borne by four men. In Annam is was called U-ya (/W^ ^§)-— ^'^'^ ^^ certainly
the juan-pu-tou of our text. Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,13 calls it also juan-tou. Our author elsewhere 10
speaks of a pu-tai-Mau, which must be the same thing. This litter, as used in Chon-la, is described
in Chon-la-fong-t'u-ki, Pelliot, B. E. F. E. 0., II, 172. Schlegel, T'oung-pao, VI, 163, suggests
that juan-pu-tou is the transcription of a Singalese word handul, which, according to the Mer-
veilles de I'Inde (118. § LXV), was a kind of hammock. It may be a foreign word, but I do not
think that handul is the one it represents. 15
5) The time of year chosen for this boat festival or boat racing seems to connect it with
the rise of the rivers. In Siam a boat festival was kept when the Meinam had reached its highest
point. Bowring, Siam, I, 9, 101.
6) Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,io says «The native products of the country (of Chan-ch'ong) include
famous aromatics, rhinoceros and elephants. The soil is of white sand with but very little arable 20
land, and there are no sheep, swine nor vegetables. The people gain their livelihood by gathering
scented woods. They do not hold markets)). Su, which is rendered by «millet» in the text, is in
more modern works used for «maize, Indian corn». Po-tie is a foreign word (probably Turki
A^us^ jJaSftto) for «cotton», see infra Pt. II, Ch. XXIII. On «ebony))(j^ i^ ^) and the other
products here mentioned, see also Pt. II. 25
7) Pigafetta, First Voyage round the World, 156 (Hakl. Soc. edit.), describes the mode of
hunting for gharu-wood in Chan-ch'ong, but he confounds this product with rhubarb. In Chiempa,
he says, «there grows the rhubarb, and it is found in this manner: men go together in companies
of twenty or twenty-five to the woods, and at night ascend the trees, both to get out of the way
of the lions, the elephants, and other wild beasts, and also to be able better to smell the odour of 30
the rhubarb borne to them by the wind. In the morning they go to that quarter whence they
have perceived that the odour comes, and seek for the rhubarb till they find it. This is the rotten
wood of a large tree, which acquires its odour by putrefaction. The best part of the tree is the
root, but the trunk is also good, which is called Calama)>. Ccdama is kalanibak, one of the names
in use among the peoples of the Malay Archipelago for gharu-wood. 35
8) Liang-shu, 54,7 speaking of Fu-nan (roughly Siam) says that criminals were thrown to
wild beasts kept for the purpose, or to crocodiles. If they were not devoured by them, their innocence
was held to have been proved.
9) Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,io says «The people (of -Chan-ch'ong) buy male and female slaves
{"^ ^^), and the ships carry human beings as cargo» (j|j^ -Jft- ]>{ A -^ ^)- 40
10) None of the authorities available are of any assistance in identifying"the dependencies
of Chan-ch'ong. Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,io says only «The dependencies (or the dependency) of Chanch'6ng
are (is) Pin-t'ung-lung and (or) Pin-to-ling». MaTuan-lin says «The southern province of
Chan-ch'ong is called Shi-pei-ch6u (|J^ ^ j^)^ the western Shang-yuan-chou (_^ 7^ ill)
and the northern Wu-li-chdu)) (,^ ^ j^). The last named province is, presumably, the 45
second of the list in our text. Sung-shi, 489,1, repeats what Ma says, adding only that there
were 38 departments (or cities, ^|>|)in all Chan-ch'5ng. By Fu-lo-kan-wu one is inclined to think
our author transcribes the namePulo Condore, though these islands were always called during the
Sung period K'un-lun-shan (^ ^ [Jj), a transcription, according to Crawfurd, of the
native name Pulo Kohnaong. In Kia Tan's sailing directions (supra p. 11) we have another form 50
of this name, Ktin-t'u-nung.
11) This was the year in which the founder of the first Li dynasty ascended the throne
of Annam. See J. C. B. R. A. S. XVII, 51. On Chan-ch'ong, see G. Maspero, Le Rovaume de
Champa, in T'oung-pao, 2\ Ser. XL pp. 165—220.