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Ij^ PAXRAKG.
3.
PANRANG.
(Coast of Cochinclima).
Pin-t'ung-lung (^ Bg f|)
5 The ruler of the country of Pin-t'ung-lung^ wears the same kind of
head-dress and clothing as that of Chan-ch'ong. The people cover their
dwellings with palm-leaves, and protect them with wooden palisades. They
send yearly products of the country as tribute to Chan-ch'ong.
At the present day there is (counted) among the saints (lo-han) the
10 Venerable Pin-t'ou-lu (^ || fg), from whom this country derives its name,
corrupted into Pin-t'ung-lung.
There are some also who say that the foundations of the hut (^ ^)
of Mu-li^n ( g jH) are still extant (in this country) ^
In the fourth year of the period yung-U (987) (this people), in company
15 with Ta-shi (Arabs), brought tribute to the court of China ^
Notes.
1) The identification of this territory with the Panrang coast of Cochinchina, the Sanskrit
Pan^uranga, first pointed out by Hirth, Aus der Ethnographie des Tschau Ju-kna, has been
accepted by all subsequent writers. See H. Finot, B. E. F. E. 0., Ill, 630—648. The name
20 appears in the earliest Cham inscriptions under the form Panrang and Panran. All the Chinese
forms of the name—and we know of nine, point to an original form Pandaran, and this conclu-
sion is supported by local chronicles. The earliest mention of Pandaran in Chinese works is in
T'ang-shu, 222*, where it is given as Pon-t'o-lang (^^ [J^ 5H.)' '^^^ transcription of the name
was apparently never settled, for Ch'ou K'u-fei uses two forms and Sung-shi three in the three
25 brief references it makes to this country. Pelliot, B. E. F. E. 0., Ill, 649—654, has translated
and studied with his usual thoroughness all the Chinese references to Pandaran.
Our author takes most of his information from Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,io, which reads as follows:
«Pin-t'ung-lung (or) Pin-t'o-ling {^S R^ is 1^) a dependency of Chan-ch'Ong. The foundations
of the hut of Mu-lien are in Pin-t'o-ling. It is even said by some (^ ^) that Wang-
30 sho-ch'ong is (^ -^ ^) in this country.
«In the second year A;i'e«-Z«n£f (of-the Sung, 961 A. D.) it brought objects of tribute (to the
Court of China). Again in the 8Ui moon of the third year (962) it came with tribute. In the first
year yuan-yu of Cho-tsung (of the Sung, 1086) in the 12ti» moon it again came with tribute, when
it received 2600 strings of cash from the Imperial bounty».
35 2) The references in the textsof bothChouK'u-fei andChau Ju-kuatotheLohanPin-
t'6n-lu — better known by his Sanskrit name of Arhat Pindola (Bharadvaja), to the great disciple
of Gautama, the Lohan Mu-lien — in Sanskrit Maudgalyayana, and to Wang-sho-ch'ong — in
Sanskrit Kugagarapnra, the old capital of Magadha in Central India, remain unexplained.
None of the inscriptions or texts studied by Finot throw any light on these curious Chi-
40 nese traditions, which are found repeated, with only unimportant changes, in Chinese works
4*
5
1