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168 KOKEA. 1,44 The products of the country are ginseng, quicksilyer, musk, pine-seeds, hazel-nuts, haliotis shells (^ ^ ^), pine-cones, lihanotis root (^ ||,), pai-fu-tzi (Q 1?^ -^), fu-lmg (^ ^), cotton cloth of all sizes, mau-sM porcelain, straw mats, and writing (^ M) *^^
1,44 KOREA. 169 chong-Tcuan period (A. D. 627— 650) and served as tlie basis for tlie Ta-T'ang K'ai-yiian-li ^° i'^ ^ ^ TC Jis) ^^^ chapters, publisiied in A. D. 713—742, and described in the Shi-k'u-ts'tiari-sliu-ts'ung-mu, 82,2. The material from which both these works were compiled is to be found in Tu-Yu's T'ung-tifin, and in the Li-chi (jjjffi ^) division of the T'ang-shu. 5 The phrase of our text is taken from T'ang-shu, 220,15*'. 5) Sung-shi, 487,20* says «Their forms of punishment are neither barbarous nor cruel; opfen rebels and those who curse their parents are beheaded, all other criminals are punished with the heavy bamboo on the ribs. Those who have been condemned to death in the provinces are sent to the capital, where, every year in the eighth moon, there is a revision of criminal 10 cases; capital crimes are commuted to deportation to an island, and other sentences are reduced or pardons granted)). 6) The Shan-hai-king mentions a ((Country of Gentlemen)) where the people wore modest clothing and carried swords, and who were of an amiable disposition and not given to litigation. Liu An (t B. C. 122) in his Huai-nan-tz'i refers to a ((Country of Gentlemen in the East)). Pei- 15 w6n-yfln-fu, 102-4,24. Our author bases presuJnably his application of this name to Korea on the use made of it by Hing Sh6u during his mission to Korea in A. D. 737 referred to further on (infra, n. 8) and which is related in T'ang-shu, 220,16*. 7) The information contained in this paragraph, and the previous remarks about examinations, etc., are derived' from the statements made in A. D. 1015 by the Korean envoy Kuo- 20 Yuan (^K tt'). He said there were neither sheep, hares, camels, buffalo nor donkeys. We have corrected our author's text accordingly. He said there were two kinds of music called h'lt and hiang. In a subsequent passage (20*) Sung-shi states that there were two styles of music in Korea, the right and the left style; the right style is called T'ang-yo[^ ^)°^ ((Chinese musio), the left Mang-yo (W& ^) or "Tillage musicn is their old music. Conf. infra, p. 171, line 10, Kuo- 25 Yuan said that his countrymen did not use cash, but only stuffs and rice for purposes of barter. Sung-shi, 487,17 et seqq. under date A. D. 1164, says that in Korea rice and cloth were used to barter with, for, though there was copper in the country, they had not known how to cast cash, and had hoarded in their storehouses that which came from China. After the ts ung-ning/peTioi (A. D. 1102—1106) they learnt how to cast cash, and they had three denominations. 30 8) It was in A. D. 737 that Hing Sh6u was sent on a mission of condolence to Korea on the death of Hing-kuang (^ ^), king of Sin-lo. When the deceased king's son Ch'ong-k'ing ascended the throne, the envoy was instructed to state in the name of the Emperor i^i 1^) that Sin-lo was styled the ((Country of Gentlemen)), because its people understood poetry and literature, and that, as Hing Sh6u was deeply versed in literary matters, He had chosen him as 35 His envoy so that he might discuss with them the meaning of the Classics, and impress them with the mental superiority of the Great Country. 9) On the fang-fong or libanotis root, see Bretschneider, Botanicum Sinicum, III, 76—79. Fai-fu-tzi (the second character is usually written [Jj^) is an official root, resembling closely that of the Aconitum. Bretschneider, op. cit., 257—258, and Porter Smith, Materia medica, 40 s. v., Aroidese. Fu-ling a funguslike substance used medicinally by the Chinese. It is the Pachyma Cocos, Fries, or China-root. It is found also in North America, where it is called «Indian Breadn. Bretschneider, op. cit., 532—536. ((Serge» is the usual rendering for mau-sU. Sung- shi, 487,18'', under date A. D. 1164 says that Korea ((is cold and mountainous, the soil is good for pines (M) and juniper (}jf|[); it produces rice (^Jx,)' '"«* (^)' ^®P ^^^ ^^^^*' ^"* °° 45 Shu (f Jj a glutinous variety of Setaria italica, Kth.). They make wine from rice. Silkworms are rare, and a piece of silk (|l|) is worth over ten ounces of silver. Clothes are made of hempen cloth. There are several hundred Chinese, mostly from Fu-kien province, living in the capital (Pyong-yang), who have come there on trading junks)). 10) It may be that these four characters should be translated ((books printed at Foochow)).
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"^^^ CORNELL e^q-V UNIVERSITY LIBRA
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Cornell University Library The orig
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CHAU JU-KUA: His Work on the Chines
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Prcf eice. Chau Ju-kua (^ f^ jS), t
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VIII CONTENTS. Page 22. The Arabs (
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X COXTEKTS. Page 35. Ch'o-k'u 231 3
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a INTRODUCTION, Fifty years later P
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4 KTRODTJCTIOS. It seems evident tl
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6 INTRODUCTION. Althougli direct in
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8 ; IXTRODl'CTION. «products of Pe
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1 INTRODUCTION. sian Gulf enables u
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1 2 IXTRODUCTION. one comes to the
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14 IXTRODUCTION. aAgain going westw
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1 6 LNTKODDCTIOX. China were, accor
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18 INTRODUCTION. more favourable tr
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20 IXTKODUCTION. maritime customs s
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22 IXTKODUCTIOX. been reduced to 10
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24 INTBODUCTION. come witliin the c
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26 is Mu-lan-p'i^ (tj^ ^ J^) extrem
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28 INTRODUCTION. accompanied by a h
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30 ISTKODrCTIOX. cannot be stored (
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32 and oakum {%) INTRODUCTION. and
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34 INTRODUCTION. turn forgetting th
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36 IXTEODUCTION. That the Inspector
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38 IXTKODUCTIO.V. word, from the Li
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PART I.
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1. TONGKING. Kiau-chi'(^ Ht)* Kiau-
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I" ^'- AXKAM. 2. ANNAM. Chan-ch'6ng
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1,2 AKNAM. 49 by the government, is
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Ij^ PAXRAKG. 3. PANRANG. (Coast of
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I,* KAMBOJA. 53 with hands crossed
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Ij4 KAMBOJA. 55 4) This wlotus poEd
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1,5 LIGOR. 57 buy horses. It purcha
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1)6 PAGAN. 59 Notes. 1) The Ling-wa
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1,7 PALEMBAKG. ^ J The laws of the
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I>7 PALEMBAXG. 63 Notes. 1) All Chi
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I'^ PALE5IBANG. 65 (SeUm'3) birthda
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I>8 KWANTAN. 67 (Tuban) and that it
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i that 1,10 BEKiNAKG. 69 original c
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1,12 KAMPAR. ?1 Notes. 1) In the ch
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^'^^ LAMBRI. ISLAXD OF CEYLON, 73 M
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I,U JAVA. 75 Keinaud, Relations, et
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1,14 JATA. 77 (^ Ixf ^j ^ ^11 If ^)
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l,U JATA. 79 Malay Peninsula. Asiat
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I>1* JAVA. 81 11) Our author errs h
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1)13 CENTRAL JAVA. 83 (((Java money
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1,15 CESTKAI, JAVA. - 85 more exten
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-I>15 MALABAR. '87 10) Wei-pa, in C
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1,16 MALABAK. §9 (^ W: cloves, lum
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, half 1,1 Q MALIBAK. 91 Perak coas
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10 1,17-19 MALWA. — CHOLA DOMINIO
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I>i9 cnoLA DOMixiox. gt5 Mong-k'i6-
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1,19 CHOLA DOMIXIOX. 97 The remaini
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1,19 CHOLA DOMISIOX. 99 trade. The
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1,19 CHOLA DOMISION. 101 Pulo Aor?)
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1)20 . BAOnDAD. 103 tiles. Wall-han
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1,20 BAGHDAD. of Antioch, who was i
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1,20 BAGHDAD. J 07 M. N. Adler, The
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1,20 BAGHDAD. 109 to the rising sun
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1,21 LNDIA. 1 1 bis life. "When lie
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Ij^l INDIA. 113^ MalaLar Christian,
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1,22 THE ARABS. 115 wThis country o
Page 133 and 134: 10 1,22 THE ARABS. 117 5 Lo-ssi-mei
Page 135 and 136: 1,22 THE ARABS. 1 1 9 In both the y
Page 137 and 138: Ij22 TUB ARABS. 121 8) Confer what
Page 139 and 140: 1,22 THE ARABS. 123 18) The oCourt
Page 141 and 142: 1,23 MECCA. ] 25 jewels and preciou
Page 143 and 144: 1)21 ZAXOUEBAK. 127 stock as the Ab
Page 145 and 146: 1,25 BEKBEKA COAST. 129 ((yVhen Po-
Page 147 and 148: ^i^^ SOMALI COAST. 131 ignorant peo
Page 149 and 150: 1,28-29 OMAN . — ISLAKD OF KISH.
Page 151 and 152: I>30 BAGHDAD, 135 30. BAGHDAD. Pai-
Page 153 and 154: 1,30 BASKA. 137 It appears that thi
Page 155 and 156: 1,32 GHAZNI. 139 Notes. 1) Quotatio
Page 157 and 158: I>34 KUM (ASIA minor). HI See Le St
Page 159 and 160: Ij35 ffiURABlT, SOCTHEKN COAST OF S
Page 161 and 162: I") 86 MisR (eqypt). 145 a rock in
Page 163 and 164: 1,37-38,1 COUNTRIES IS THE SEA (iND
Page 165 and 166: ^'3^)^ ISLANDS OF PEMBAAKD MADAGASC
Page 167 and 168: 1,38,3 THE AMAZONS. 151 The name Ma
Page 169 and 170: 1,38,8-7 DJABTJLSA, THE LAND OF THE
Page 171 and 172: ' no 1>39 BOKNEO. 155 P'o-ni m 39.
Page 173 and 174: Ij39 BOKXEO. 157 On the day when th
Page 175 and 176: 1,39 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 159 9) It
Page 177 and 178: ^'*^ ISLANDS OP CAU3IIAN, BUSUANGA,
Page 179 and 180: 1,42 NOKTHEKN rORMOSA. 163 :|^ '^1^
Page 181 and 182: ''*3 SOUTHERN roRmosA. 165 43. SOUT
Page 183: I,'44 KOREA. 167 There are two grea
Page 187 and 188: 1,45 JAPAN. 171 The country yields
Page 189 and 190: 1,45 JAPAN. 173 rendered «commune
Page 191 and 192: 1,45 ISLAND OP HAINAN. 175 18) Quot
Page 193 and 194: T 4fi ' ISLAND OF HAINAN. mm), loEg
Page 195 and 196: I>46 ISLAND OF HAINAN. 179 year and
Page 197 and 198: Ij^^ ISLAKD OP HAINAN. 181 dwelling
Page 199 and 200: 1,46 ISLAND OF HAINAN. 183 have the
Page 201 and 202: I;46 ISLAND OF HAINAN. 185 The prod
Page 203 and 204: 1,46 I8LAKD OP HAINAN. 187 or liter
Page 205 and 206: 1,46 ISLAKD OF HAINAN. 189 women, f
Page 207: PART II
Page 210 and 211: 194 CAMPHOR. ir,l forms lumps, whic
Page 212 and 213: 196 FEANKIKCENSE. 11,2 thus called,
Page 214 and 215: 198 SAYEET BENZOIN. 11,4-6 tree whi
Page 216 and 217: 200 LIQUID STORAX. 11,6-7 and the s
Page 218 and 219: 202 GARDENIA ILOWERS. 11,8-9 83,ii'
Page 220 and 221: '204 GHARU-WOOD. 11,10-11 kinds of
Page 222 and 223: 206 TSIEX-HIAXO GHAKU-WOOD. II,n-ll
Page 224 and 225: 208 SHOXG-HIASO GHAKU-WOOD. — SAN
Page 226 and 227: 210 NUTMEGS. 11,13-14 with cloves.
Page 228 and 229: 212 MUSK-WOOD. — JACK-FKUIT. II,
Page 230 and 231: 214 COCOANDT. 11,18-19 or ccrice ar
Page 232 and 233: 216 EBOKY. 11,20-21 Thos. Watters,
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218 COTTON. 11,23 (5iL M ?il); *^®
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220 MATS. 11,23-24 cotton fabrics.
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222 PEPPEK. 11,26-27 Note. The pai-
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224 CIIBEBS. — ASA-FOETIDA. 11,27
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22& CORAL-TREE. 11,30-3! Theo. Bent
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228 OPAQUE GLASS. — CAT'S-ETKS, 1
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230 PEAKLS. 11,34 sign to them that
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232 IVOKT. II,3B 36. IVORY (^ ^). S
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234: CASTOKEUM, CIVET. 11,38 38. CA
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236 PARROTS. 11,39-40 9,ii''-a2».
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238 TORTOISE-SHELL. —BEES-WAX. 11
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GENERAL INDEX.
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244 Arabs — Birds. ts'i, tlience
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246 Cassia — Chinese. given to Ch
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248 Counting — Dress. products of
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250 Fu-nan — Head-dress. Pu-nan,
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252 Indus — Ki-tz"i-ni. of, 5; ca
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254 Ewantan — IiO-hui. Kwantan,
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256 Maudgalyayana — Nan-ni-hua-lo
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25B Peacocks — Pb-ssi. Peacocks,
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260 Battans — Satinets. (Malabar)
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202 Siam — Su-tan. Siam, first mi
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264. Taxes-rr Trade. 95; no regular
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26a Warehouses — Yu6-nb. Warehous
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OF UNUSUAL FOREIGN NAMES AND TERMS
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272 sion of A. D. dOlS on voyage fr
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274 db ^ Ki-lan-tan, a dependency o
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276 tp '^ lA-han, possibly the isla
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278, Mak-¥e-lap, Arabic Maghreb (e
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280 ^ BM hI Pii^-t'ung-limg, Pan- r
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282 'S'i-jj'ong') ® a dependency o
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284 ^ ^ iJj Ts'ui-lan-shan, the Nic
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286 P. 12, line 46, read P'o-lo-mSn
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288 (civet) is that which is of a d
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