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64 PALE3IBANG. 1.7
The name Ling-ya-mon has not been found in any other Chinese -vrork of this period, but
in the fifteenth century we meet with the name Lung-ya-mon(^ as that of the Linga
^ P^)
Strait and Island. Groeneveldt, Notes, 97; Geo. Phillips. J. C. B. E. A. S. XXI, 39; Pelliot,
B. E. F. E. 0., IV, 218. The sixteenth century Tung-si-yang-k'au, 9,7 says that junks sailing from
Ch'ang-yau-sti {-M B® |Ifi Pulp Senang, better known as Bam Island. (Gerini, Researches, 5
815, not Singapore Island, as suggested by Phillips, loc. cit.), on their way to Chan-peii
(Djambi, in Sumatra) passed the Lung-ya Peak (^| ^"^ This seems to point without
LU)a
doubt to some point on Linga. Ling-ya-mon appears to have been a trading depot of the Arabs
in the twelfth century. See infra, Pt. II, Ch. XXIV.
3) Fu stands for Bu, an abbreviation of Abu fffathers, which precedes so many Arabic 10
names. The phrase ^ j^ W «many are surnamed P'ub, occurring here and there in Chinese
ethnographical literature may safely be taken to indicate Arab settlements. Hirth, Die Inscl
Hainan, 487, note.
^
4) The words man (^), lean-man. (^ |§i), tu-man (^ j^^), ho-man (-^ ^)
or man-jju (^§r ) are ^ used in Chinese works of the mediaeval period to designate the 15
garment known to us by the Malay name of sarung or sarong. These Chinese names are derived
from Sanskrit fo»i6ai!(i — probably through some intermediate form. Takakusu, Eecord of
Buddh. Keligio^n, 12, n. 1; Pelliot, B. E. F. E. 0., Ill, 268, n. 5 and IV, 283 n. 2. See also
Crawfurd, Hist. Malay Archipel. I, 208.
5) The greater part of this and the following paragraph are taken from the Ling-wai- 20
tai-ta, see supra p. 63 n. 1. The Tanka or boat population of Canton are similarly exempted from the
ground-tax. The description here given of the town of San-fo-ts'i might apply to Palembang of
the present day. «The city is a large one, extending for four or five miles along a fine curve of
the river, which is as wide as the Thames at Greenwich. The stream, is, however, much narrowed
by the houses which project into it upon piles, and within these again, there is a row of 'houses 25
built upon great bamboo rafts • which are moored by rattan cables to the shore or to piles, and
rise and fall with the tide». A. Wallace, Malay Archipelago, 94 (10* edit.).
6) Conf. what is said in Ch. XIV on Sh6-p'o concerning the drinks of the Javanese. It
is possible that the «wine of flowers» is nipa arrak — which is made with the liquor drawn from
the stems of the flowers of the nipa palm. aWine of cocoanuts» is, of course, toddy, which in 30
Sumatra, however, is made usually from the gomuti palm. Crawfurd, Op. cit., I, 398.
7) The Sung-shi, 489,12'' quotes this paragraph, but substitutes Sanskrit (^5) for «foreign»
(^g:) characters. Either of these two readings may be justified. The Kavi character was used in
the kingdom of Menang-kabau for writing Sanskrit in the seventh century of our era. Lassen,
Indische Altherthumsk. IV, 463. The same authority says (ibid. IV, 472, n. 1) that other Sanskrit 35
inscriptions found in the same country were writteft in various other scripts not traceable to any
system in use in Western India. The P'ing-ch6u-k'o-t'an, 2,8-4, says that San-fo-ts'i had books,
and that the people were able mathematicians. Traders reported that these people could calcu-
late future eclipses of the sun and moon; the Chinese, they added, were unable to read their
books. The San-fo-ts i people did not make use of Chinese characters, it seems hardly necessary 40
to remark. Chinese versions of letters from their rulers addressed to the Court of China were
rendered into Chinese — on arrival of the envoys at Canton or Ts'aan-ch6u, and presented by
them — with the original missives — at Court.
8) Crawfurd, Op. cit. Ill, 130 remarks that among all the tribes of the Archipelago
adultery is still considered among the most heinous offences. 45
9) The Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,12* states that the same custom obtained in Java (Sho-p'o), see
infra, p. 80, n. 10. Conf. also the story told in the Adjaib of the king of India who became the
lalandjar of his parrot and who had to kill himself when the parrot was killed by the cat. Van
Lith and Devic, Merveilles de I'Inde, 115.
10) Conf. Lassen, Indische Alterthumsk. IV, 938. 50
11) A similar custom has existed in various parts of India from ancient times. It was called
tulSdana or «weight gift». It is still observed in Travancore — perhaps elsewhere. Thomas
Coryat, in a letter from the MogoPs Court at Asmere in 1615, referring to the Great Mogol