Chau Ju-Kua - University of Oregon Libraries

46 T0NGKIX6. 1,1
The products of the country are ch'on-Uang (gharu wood), p'ong-lai
(gharu wood), gold, silver, iron, cinnabar, cowries, rhinoceros horns, elephants,
kingfishers, ch'6-M (shells), salt, lacquer, tree-cotton (tJc |^)
(cotton^ ^y.
and M-pt'i
Tribute is sent annually to the Court (of China). 5
Although this country does not participate in the foreign trade (of China),
the author has included these notes as an introduction to the (account of the)
neighbouring country (of Chan-ch'ong).
Ships -after ten full days' sailing (from Kiau-chi) reach the country of
Chan-ch'Ong. lo
Notes.
1) Down to the beginning of tlie Han dynasty (B. C. 206) Kiau-chi was a portion of Nan-
During the reign of Wu-ti (B. C. 140—86) Nan-yue was conquered and divided
yue (raf ;^)-
into nine prefectures (^|jj)) one of which was Kiau-chi (^ P]t)» ^^^ '"^ '' *^® ^^^^ °^ govern-
ment was placed, which resulted in the name of Kiau-chi being applied to the whole of the 15
country. SeeMaTuan-lin, Won-hien-tung-k'au, 830,i2. During subsequent centuries, down to the
year 670, the name of Kiau-chi or Kiau-chou (tH) was given to at least a portion of the terri-
tory known by that name in the Han period. In 670 Kiau-chi was absorbed by a larger admi-
nistrative district called An-nan (^' ^S)> ^"d after this the name of Kiau-chi was applied to the
Song-kai delta district, perhaps to the whole of the present Tongking. The name Kiau-chi may 20
be the transcription of a native name Kesho, by which Hanoi was known down to very recent
times. Chavannes, Relig. emin., 53. It may also possibly be the original of Kattigara, used by
Ptolemy and other classical writers to designate Kesho, though the name Kiu-to ("fl :ffi, in
Cantonese Kau-tak), that of one of the Tongking prefectures on the Chinese frontier, lends itself
better to that identification from- a linguistic point of view. In A. D. 264, Kiu-to is mentioned as an 25
official sub-division, and it 'is especially identified with the seat of the ancient Yfl6-shang tribes, the
probable starting-point of nautical enterprise in high antiquity. Tsin-shu, 15, 16—17. Kiau-chi is
certainly the original of M a r c o P o 1 o's Caugigu and of R a s h i d e d d i n's Kafchikue (b^ ^=?^ Kaftchehkoueh,
i. e. ojSAar.S' Kancheh-koueh), Hist, des Mongols publ. par. Quatremere. Ip. XCVI
and note on p. XCV), the last syllable in both these names representing kuo (^ in Cantonese kwok) 30
«kingdom». It may also be the original of our modern name Cochinchina (Pelliot, B. E. F. E.
0., III. 291 n.), although other writers (as Deveria, Rel.de la Chine avec I'Annam, 1) trace this
name back-to Kiu-chon (^ W), one of the old prefectures of Kiau-chi.
2) The Pai-i Man are, I imagine, the same as theJ'al Ts'uan (or Man), the western branch
of the aboriginal tribes called Ts'uan (^) or Man (^), which in the tenth century occupied 35
southern Yun-nan. Hervey St. Denis, Ethnogr., ii. 271—288. The Lolos of the present day are
thought by some to be their descendants.
3) K'in-chou in Lien-ch6u-fu in the extreme west of Kuang-tung province. It was the nearest
Chinese port to Kiau-chi territory and the centre of trade with that country. See supra pp.6 and 22.
4) Sung-shi, 488,2 sqq., supplies some of the Chinese surnames of the kings of Kiar lichi. 40
We find among them the well-known family name of Ting ('J'),U (^),Li (^)aad Ch'en([* *).
5) Bowring, Siam, I, 158, mentions the fifteenth of the sixth moon as a holiday, v^en
the king sends presents to the bonzes. The eighth and fifteenth days of the moon are considered
holy by the Siamese, the same writer states. I cannot, however, find that the fifteenth of the
seventh moon was at any time a particularly great festival in Siam or China. 45
6) On these various products, see Part II of this work. I-ing-wai-tai-ta, 7,8 says that
Kiau-chi was a great market for amber.