Chau Ju-Kua - University of Oregon Libraries

54 KAMBOJA. 1,4
Lu-yang (^ 7^)
T'un-ii-fu (^ a si-p'^°s W) m W)
P'u-kan (.^ -y^) Tu-huai-sun^o
(;f± '^ ^)
1° ^a-li (^^ ^)
From of old this country had maintained close neighbourly relations with
Chan-ch'ong, and sent it yearly a tribute of gold; but on the fifteenth of the 5
fifth moon of the fourth year of the sh^m-M period (of the Sung, i. e., 1 1 77) the
ruler of Chan-ch'ong surprised the capital (of Chon-la) with his fleet, and on
the refusal of their demands for peace (the people) were slaughtered. From
that time the bitterest enmity and a thirst for revenge existed (in Chon-la), In
the fifty-sixth year of the cycle in theJcHng-ymn period (i. e., 1199) (Chon-la) 10
invaded Chan-ch'5ng with a powerful army, made the sovereign prisoner,
put to death his ministers, and nearly exterminated the people, after which it
made a man of Chon-la sovereign of Chan-ch'ong, and down to the present
day it has remained a dependency of Ch6n-la ".
In the wu-to period of the T'ang (618—627) this country (of Chon-la) 15
entered for the first time into relations with the Middle Kingdom. In the
second year of the suan-ho period (1120) it (first) sent a tribute mission
(to the reigning dynasty). ^^
San-fo-ts'i.
This country confines to the south on Kia-lo-hi, ^^ a dependency of
Notes.
1) Chon-la, or Kamboja, included in the Sung period the present Lower Gochinchina, a
considerable portion of Lower Siam and of the Malay Peninsula. The origin of the name Chon-la
or Chan-la (q H^) as it was also written during the Sung period, (see Sung-shi, 489,6), remains
unexplained. The earliest mention of Chon-la in Chinese works occurs in the seventh century. Its 25
first mission to China was in 616. Sui-shu, 82. T'ang-shu, 222'', says it was called Chon-la or Ki-mie
(ja ^)' The form Chan-la was adopted in 1199 after the conquest of Chan-ch'Ong mentioned
in our text. Ming-shi, 324. During the Yiian period the older form Chon-la was again used.
During the Ming period this country was called Kien-pu-ch'ai (4 jpm ^^) or Kan-pu-chi
(~U* ^p ^^)>
"""^^ transcriptions of the native name of the country Kamboja. See Tung-si- 30
yang-k'au, 3,6, and Pelliot. B. E. F. E. 0. IL 123— 13). Ki-mie, pronounced Kat-mit in Cantonese,
may be a transcription for Kmir, or Khmer. Cf. Gerini, 776.
On P'u-kan, identified with Pagan on the Irrawadi between the mouth of the Shindwin
and Prome, see infra, Ch. VL Kia-lo-hi was a dependency of San-fo-ts'i and probably in the Malay
Peninsula, see infra, p. 66, n. 10. 35
2) In the seventh century the capital of Chon-la was called I-sh6-na-ch'6ng('jS-^^ BR IfcB)
i. e., Kanapura. Sui-shu, 82. The name Lu-wu would seem to point to Lovek, the ruins of which
city are still visible 10 kil. N. of Udong. Bergaigne, Inscriptions, 122, but Pelliot, Op.
cit. II, 132. n. 3, 141 and IV. 237, says that Lovek only became the capital of Kamboja in the
fifteenth century. «When Chau Ju-kua wrote, he says, the capital was certainly Angkor, and its 40
name was Kambupuri or YaQodharapuras — consequently Angkor is here referred to. In the
eighth century the capital of Southern Chon-la was, according to T'ang-shu, 222'', Po-lo-ti-pa.
3) I b n B a t u t a, IV. 245, speaking of the Sultan of Mul Djauah (Siam) says «no one in this
country, save only the Sultan, owns horses. The people ride elephants».
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