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68 LENGKASUKA. i,9
the name of an island district on one of tlie tributaries of tlie Pahang Rivera. As our author
states (infra Ch. IX § 1) that a land-route existed between Tan-ma-ling and Ling-ya-ssi-iia, which
we have good reason to believe was about Kedah on the "W. coast of the Peninsula, it seems
safe to conclude that Tan-ma-ling cannot have been very far from where Gerini has located it.
2) This may possibly be paraphrased «he is addressed by a title which is the equivalent 5
of Siang-kung or 'Minister of State' with us in Chinaa. The native title generally used appears
to have been that of Mantri, which Crawfurd (op. cit. Ill, 34) says is the denomination of the
first class of the nobility in Malay governments. There is also the title of Pangeran, which is that
of princelets of Sumatra. See Marsden, Hist. Sumatra, 173.
3) A district of Ho-ch'i existed during the Sui dynasty (589—618) in the province of 10
Shen-si; it was identical with the present Huang-hi6n. See Playfair, Cities and Towns of China,
JVs 1776. According to the local Gazetteer (see Tu-shu-tsi-ch'5ng, 6. Ch. 1416,s) silk was
produced in abundance in this district. Perhaps sericulture was continued in it down to the days
of which our author wrote, or perhaps some silk stuff still bore in the trade the name of this
once famous silk. 15
4) All of these dependencies of San-fo-ts'i are mentioned in the preceding chapter and in
Note 16, p. 65—66. By «same' kiudn the author probably means that the people of these various
districts were of the same race and that their habits, natural products, etc., were similar.
9.
LBNGKA8UKA. 20
(Malay Peninsula),
Ling-ya-ssT-[kia] Qg ^ ^ [Jfjp]).
Lmg-ya-ssi-(kia) ^ can be reached from Tan-ma-ling by sailing six days
and nights; there is also an overland road (between the two countries).
The ruler of the country wraps himself in a sarong (^) and goes 25
barefooted. The people of the country cut their hair and also wear sarongs.
The native products are elephants' tusks, rhinoceros homs, the su, cJian
and shong-Jiiang (varieties of gharu-wood) and camphor.
Foreign traders barter there in samshu, rice, Ho-ch'i silks and porcelain-
ware. They calculate first the value of their articles according to their equi- 30
valents in gold or silver, and then engage in barter of these articles at fixed
rates. As for example, one tong^ (±g) of samshu is equal to one tael of silver
or two mace of gold, two tong of rice are equal to one tael of silver, ten
tong being equal to one tael of gold, and so forth.
(Ling-ya-ssi-kia) sends yearly tribute to San-fo-ts'i. 35
Notes.
1) Though written here without the final syllable Jcia, the name is correctly given in the
list of dependencies of San-fo-ts'i (supra, p. 62). It is the Lengkasuka of the Majapahit empire, the