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1,5 LIGOR. 57
buy horses. It purchased «some tens),, and with them he was able to gain a victory over ChQn-Ia.
The following year the king sent a number of men to Ki-yang to buy more horses, but, as that
district had none for sale, they went to K'iung-chou on the northern coast of the island The
authorities of K'iung-chou refused to allow them to purchase horses, and the Chan-ch'Ong people
5 left in anger and did not come back again. Ma Tuan-lin, who also tells this story, says that the
Chan-ch 6ng people on being refused permission to buy horses, devastated a portion of the island
and carried off a number of the people as prisoners.
12) T'ang-shu, 222^ says that in 707 Chon-la was divided into Northern Chon-la, or Dry
Chon-la, and also W5n-tan (^ ^) and Fo-16u (^ ^), and Southern Ch6n-la, which was
10 on the sea-coast, with much marsh land, whence it was also called Wet Chon-la. After 707 these
two sections of Chbn-la appear to have sent separate "tribute missions to the Court of China.
Gerini, Researches, 832, says Won-tan was Upper Kamboja, and Fo-16u he thinks (824) may
have been Kwala Baloh in North Pahang.
13) On Kia-lo-hi, see infra, p. 66.
15 5.
LIGOR (?).
(Malay Peninsula).
Tong-liu-mei- (^ ^ M).
The country of Tong-liu-mei is to the west of Chon-la ^ Its ruler wears
20 flowers in his hair, which is done up in a knot; on his shoulders (he wears)
a red (garment) covered over with white (^ ^Jl M S)-
On audience days he ascends an open platform, for they have altogether
no palace buildings of any kind.
Palm-leaves are used as dishes in eating and drinking; neither spoons
25 nor chopsticks are used in eating; fingers serve the purpose.
There is a mountain called Wu-nung (^ ^) (where) Shi-kia (i. e.,
Sakya-muni Buddha) (after his) nie-2>an {i. e., nirvana) manifested himself
(^ "iti)') *^® event being commemorated by a bronze elephant (at this
place) 2,
30 The products (of Tong-liu-mei) are cardamoms, the tsien, ch'on and su
(varieties of gharu-wood), yellow wax and red kino gum ^.
Notes.
1) This name does not appear in Chinese works anterior to the Sung dynasty. The earliest
mention of T8ng-liu-mei seems to be in the Ling-wai-tai-ta, 2,n, where the same characters as
85 here are used to transcribe the name. Sung-shi, 489,ji, also writes the name in the same way. The
only indication we have as to its location is the brief reference in Sung-shi (loc. cit.) that it