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1,45 ISLAND OP HAINAN. 175
18) Quotation from H6u Han-shu, 115,i8». See also San-kuo-chl (Wei-chi), 30,29*. Aston,
Shinto, 339 says : tcThe greater, or official, divination consists in drawing conclusions according to
certain conventional rules from the cracks which appear in a deer's shoulder-blade when
exposed to firen.
5 19) San-kuo-cM (Wei-chi) 30,28% quoting the Wei-lio, says: aThey (the Japanese) do not
usually know the true year and the four seasons. They simply reckon as a year from the spring
cultivation of the fields to the autumn in-gathering» . Aston, Trans. Asiat. Soc. Japan, XVI. 59,
remarks on this passage: «It is not quite clear what is meant by this. It may mean simply that
the Japanese reckoned their year from the spring or autumn equinox and not from the New
10 Year, and it may not have been intended to imply that their year consisted of only six months.
Another writer says that the Was reckoned their year from autumn to autumn . . .» This latter
view is that of Tsin-shu, 97,4*' which our author quotes from. Some native etymologists connect
tosM, the Japanese word for «year» with the harvest and with tcru «to taken.
20) Quotation from Tsin-shu, 97,4*. See also H6u Han-shu, 118,13*; San-kuo-cM (Wei-chi),
15 30,28% and Liang-shu, 54,28*.
21) Hou Han-shu, li5,is*. San-kuo-chi (Wei-chi), 30,26*- Tsin-shu, 97,4^
22) It was again the bonze Chonen who told this to the Chinese in 984. The text, both in
our author and in Sung-shi, is certainly corrupt here in two places. The character yiie in Yfle-ch6u
is clearly an error for au (^^ in Japanese o), as Oshu (.^
>)>H ) was the part of Japan where
20 gold was first discovered, in A. E. 749. Oshu is now divided into several provinces, but it is
probable that the Handa mine in the province of Iwashiro is the one referred to by Chonen. The
other error is, as pointed out on page 174, note 11, writing aanotherislanda, instead of ajTwi-teMa
(^fer .^) in Japanese Tsushima, on which island silver was found in A. D. 675, and where
mines were worked for a long period subsequently.
25 23) Tiau-jan, in Japanese. Chonen (posthumous title, Koisi daisi), belonged to the great
Fujiwara clan. He was a priest of Nara. Our author has incorporated into this chapter all the
information which the Sung-shi" states he gave the Emperor T'ai-tsung.
24) The biography of Sung K'i is in Sung-shi, 264,i2; that of Li Fang, in Sung-shi, 265,1.
Mencius, Bk. Ill, Pt. I, Ch. IV, 12 (Legge, Chinese Classics, H, 129) said: «I have heard
30 of men using the doctrines of our great land to change barbarians, but I have never yet heard
of any being changed by barbariansn.
46.
ISLAND OF HAINAN.
Hai-nan (y$ ^).
35 Hai-nan is the Chu-ai (:^ j^) and Tan-ir {j§ I^) of the Han period.
When the Emperor Wu-ti (B. C. 140—86) had made the conquest of
Southern Yu6 (i^), he sent a mission from Sii-won across the sea to recon-
noitre the country; as a consequence the two prefectures (^)
of Chu-ai and
Tan-ir were established. His successor Chau-ti (B. C. 86—73) dropped Tan-ir
40 and incorporated it in Chu-ai. On the advice of Kia Kiian-chi (^ :f| ^),
the Emperor abandoned Chu-ai, and it was only again occupied under the
Liang (A. D. 502—527) and the Sui (A. D. 589—618) dynasties^
'