The Syntax of Early English - Cryptm.org

The loss of object–verb word order 141(9) gif hio ne bi hrædlice aweg adrifenif she not is quickly away driven‘if it is not quickly driven away’ (CP 13.79.23)(10) æt hie mid æm æt folc ut aloccodenthat they with that the people out enticed‘that with it they might entice the people to come outside’ (Or 5.3.117.5)Particles sometimes appear in a higher position in the clause, as in (11), but insuch cases the particle usually precedes a PP and is likely to be a modifier ofthe PP.(11) eah u sie up ofer ine mæ ahæfenthough you are up over your condition raised‘although you are raised above your condition’ (CP 65.467.1)Particles are occasionally found to the right of a non-fronted verb. Anexample is given in (12).(12) a wolde seo Sexburh æfter syxtyne gearumthen wanted the Sexburh after sixteen yearsdon hire swustor ban of ære byrgene uptake her sister’s bones from the burial-place up‘After sixteen years Sexburh wanted to take up her sister’s bones from theirburial-place’ (ÆLS(Æthelthryth) 73)These are the main patterns involving particles that are relevant in thischapter; see chapter 6 for a more detailed treatment.The position of stranded prepositions is similar to that of particles, but it iseven more restricted: stranded prepositions are nearly always left-adjacent tothe verb, as in (13). Instances where the preposition is on the right are evenrarer than those with particles, but again the occasional example is found withthe preposition right-adjacent to a non-fronted verb, as in (14).(13) a wæs hiora an se Apollinus e we ær ymb spræconthen was of-them one the Apollinus that we before about spoke‘Then one of them was the Apollinus that we spoke about before’(Bo 38.116.1)(14) æt is æt uplice rice, e he sylf wunathat is the heavenly kingdom that he self liveson mid eallum his halgum a butan ende.in with all his saints forever without end‘that is the heavenly kingdom, which he himself forever dwells in with allhis saints.’ (HomU 46(Nap 57) 245)Personal pronoun objects often occupy a position immediately after thesubject and finite verb, as in (15), and sometimes on the immediate left of a