The Syntax of Early English - Cryptm.org

Index 337Fillmore, Charles 27Fischer, Olgaon ‘easy-to-please’ construction 280, 281,282on have to construction 298, 320–1ton infinitival constructions 63, 212, 225,227 n8, 242, 248–55ton language change 23, 24on word order 162, 300Foster, Tony 162French 25–6, 171Frisian 111–12Gaaf, W. van der 267, 293–4, 299generative grammar 2–3, 8, 27genetic algorithms 13German 12, 28, 33–4, 110–11, 112, 215,219–20, 225Government and Binding theory (GB) 8grammar 3grammar change 3–5constant rate hypothesis 18–19, 29grammar competition 18–19grammaticalization and 292, 318–19language acquisition 3–5, 10–16, 292and language change 20lexical diffusion 22–5notional grammar 21–2Principles and Parameters model 2–3,8–10, 13, 17–18, 305prototypes 20–1synchronic variation 17–19, 292, 318–19grammaticalization 25–6, 284, 286–8and grammar change 292, 318–19have to 293–305, 320–1tanimacy 297bleaching 300intransitive infinitives 299layering 303–4modal colouring 298–9, 304NP object 294–5, 298, 304stages 293, 295–7word order 300–3Jespersen’s negative cycle 305Old English 306–14Middle English 314–18, 317tmodals 25, 304see also grammaticalization theorygrammaticalization theory 26, 285–6core conceptsgraduality 290, 291–2as mechanistic process 291semantic bleaching 290, 304, 319semantic change 290–1unidirectionality 289–90parameters 288–9, 288tsee also grammaticalizationHarris, Alice C. 55, 241 n17, 291–2Harrison, T. P. 181Haspelmath, Martin 289–90have to 293–305, 320–1tanimacy 297bleaching 300intransitive infinitives 299layering 303–4modal colouring 298–9, 304NP object 294–5, 298, 304stages 293, 295–7word order 300–3Hawkins, John 5Healey, Antonette diPaolo 183, 261Heine, Bernd 290, 291Helsinki corpus 30Helten, Willem L. van 244Henry, Alison 14Hiltunen, Risto 182, 185, 186, 188, 189, 202,204, 207historical change 3–7, 29–30see also grammar change; language changeHopper, Paul 287, 288, 295, 297Icelandic 112–13, 157, 165–6I(internal)-language 4–5, 19infinitival constructions 211–14, 248–55tbare infinitives 62–3, 96–8, 143coalescence 238–40, 239 n15Dutch 223 n5, 241–6with lexical subjectaccusative and infinitive constructions(AcI) 213, 213 n1, 220–8, 232–41; inDutch 241–6ECM constructions 222–5, 238, 246(for) NP to V constructions 212, 214–20object-control verbs 235–7, 239object-infinitivals 227, 228, 228t, 232–4passive infinitives 99–100, 228–32, 228t,234–5, 236–8perfect infinitives 100–1subject-infinitivals 98–9, 227–8, 228t, 232and that-clauses 96–7, 211–12, 212t, 228t,232to-infinitives 62–3, 96–8, 144, 159, 183,211–12