Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conservation And Development In A ...

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Number of tree species 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 35 55 91 Medicine Edible Construction Technological Miscellaneous Firewood Figure 4.3. Number of trees named in Wapishana for which uses were documented within each of the six use categories, following Johnston and Colquhoun (1996). The proportions of useful trees in each of these categories, shown in figure 4.3, differed markedly from those reported from Kurukupari. The most marked difference was the much greater numbers of species deemed useful in construction, the largest category in the present study. The proportion of medicinal uses reported in the present study was much less. As in the Kurukupari study, the pattern of numbers of tree species per category was similar to that of number of uses per category (see figure 4.4). The greatest number of cases of multiple uses of a species within a category (figure 4.5) occurred in the technological category, within which five uses were recorded for one segregate (iziari, the balata tree Manilkara bidentata). I do not find this result surprising, as this was the most diverse of the use categories employed. However, it does differ from the results from Kurukupari, in which the large medicinal category exhibited the greatest occurrence of multiple uses. 73 13 15
Total number of uses 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 37 59 105 Medicinal Edible Construction Technological Miscellaneous Firewood Figure 4.4. Total numbers of recorded uses for trees within each use category, following Johnston and Colquhoun (1996) Number of species 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 95 Medicinal Edible Construction Technological 1 2 3 4 5 Number of uses per species within each use category Figure 4.5. Numbers of tree species for which multiple uses per use category were recorded. These two main differences between the results of the studies may well have different explanations. The smaller number of construction species reported at Kurukupari may be due to the demographic domination of this village by Lokono people. <strong>In</strong> Lokono settlements I have visited on the coast, board houses are more 13 15
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Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conserv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could
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CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1. MAP OF
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Intro
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subsistence strategies to exemplify
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context is provided by Wapishana cu
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a 'need' for meat even if their phy
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phenomenon and thus arguing that in
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populations of beaver and caribou (
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practice (Sillitoe 1998: 228-9). Th
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1.2.4 Does the nature of ethnoecolo
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presented on cultural ecology. This
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Riviere identifies cognatic descent
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the village and out in the forest.
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CHAPTER 2: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND D
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groups also comprise the majority i
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provides national-level representat
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around 4,000 km 2 and excluding man
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industries have been identified as
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events was the subject of much conc
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Changes in the global economy seem
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significant improvements in the sit
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industry rapidly disappeared. A pro
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Wapishana communities in which he w
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correspond to a remarkably high pro
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Thorbjarnarson 1991; Ojasti 1991; T
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2.6 Conservation interest in Guyana
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outreach in 1995, links between Iwo
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2.6.3 Other Activities Relating to
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enefit of the entire national popul
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forests of the Rupununi River itsel
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anchers narrowly failed in their al
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eleased, but it may well be that Co
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Information collected over the cour
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from the early 19th century unambig
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south as Kujuwini (Riviere 1963: 13
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Dadanawa in 1977, has a Wapishana m
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Wapishana resident in indigenous se
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through this body that the member v
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162). Extensive changes in the over
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Page 85 and 86: Many labour emigrants spend several
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Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER 4: WAPISHANA CULTURAL ECOLO
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.1. Percentage of households
Page 93 and 94: Figure 4.1. Map of Maruranau’s fa
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Page 97 and 98: that of previous studies of Wapisha
Page 99 and 100: other cassava drinks and those made
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Page 103 and 104: When growing in large stands, mango
Page 105 and 106: Bananas Musa spp. 8 Thyme Lippia mi
Page 107 and 108: crop. According to the reports of p
Page 109 and 110: alone. A variety of binas 4 may be
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Page 113 and 114: areas on higher ground. Parrots and
Page 115 and 116: egarded as edible were omitted, alo
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.7 Animal categories reporte
Page 119 and 120: when the mother has been hunted, an
Page 121 and 122: and most of these in very small num
Page 123 and 124: that the take had diminished rapidl
Page 125 and 126: Oenocarpus 5 were treated as a sing
Page 127 and 128: egularly visited areas, but as thes
Page 129 and 130: of the European pig (Schomburgk 192
Page 131 and 132: individual resident in Aishalton be
Page 133: Useful trees were assigned to use c
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Page 139 and 140: CHAPTER 5: SYMBOLISM 5.1 Syncretism
Page 141 and 142: clear that many aspects of knowledg
Page 143 and 144: malevolent purposes associated with
Page 145 and 146: ivers, especially at rapids or deep
Page 147 and 148: myself suffered a mysterious and hi
Page 149 and 150: 5.5 Ecological Implications The maj
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Page 153 and 154: CHAPTER 6: ETHNOECOLOGY This chapte
Page 155 and 156: themselves. Such a circumstance aro
Page 157 and 158: may reflect local phenotypic divers
Page 159 and 160: format employed allows analysis to
Page 161 and 162: people use this and for what?", "Ho
Page 163 and 164: 6.2.2 Mechanisms of acquisition of
Page 165 and 166: my part. In all cases I looked for
Page 167 and 168: mobility prevented this. Three of t
Page 169 and 170: Opinion was also divided about the
Page 171 and 172: 6.3.5 Red-rumped agouti, ‘rabbit
Page 173 and 174: occupied in the dry season are aban
Page 175 and 176: 6.3.8 ‘Baboon’, red howler monk
Page 177 and 178: dynamics were considered by three i
Page 179 and 180: there was a seasonal food shortage
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this could be conducted by examinin
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CHAPTER 7: ETHNOECOLOGY 2 - COMPARI
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caatinga (Olmos 1993), and were als
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Overall, the dietary data in the pr
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Studies from Brazil and Peru report
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Table 7.5. List of food plants reco
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cassava (Manihot esculenta), black-
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7.6 Orange-rumped agouti Table 7.9.
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availability is at its seasonal low
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7.8 Black spider monkey Specific fo
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from the current data set almost ce
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Table 7.16. Comparison of ethnoecol
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families Arecaceae (Palmae), Meliac
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Other ethnoecological data is compa
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the Wapishana biological lexicon. T
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as concrete stimuli for responses.
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CHAPTER 8: APPLICATIONS OF ETHNOECO
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herd, anticipate its movements and
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for several consecutive nights unti
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The gathering of eggs of turtles an
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importance of particular foods, esp
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Food plant Score Freq. Fruits eaten
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esearch later collaborated on biolo
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weaknesses correspond to some of th
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Subsistence is also heavily depende
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the most interesting questions. Did
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9.3 Does the existing social-ecolog
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avoidance by people of particular a
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via the exploitation of locally-ava
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provide conceptual tools useful in
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in such a way as to be complementar
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consultation on all matters affecti
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10.2 Research findings and their im
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societies with other parties with w
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10.4 Suggestions for further resear
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REFERENCES Agrawal, A. 1995. ‘Dis
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Barreto, G.R., O.E. Hernandez and J
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Clement, C.R. 1993. 'Native Amazoni
Page 265 and 266:
EPA 1999. 'National Biodiversity Ac
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Government of Guyana 1996. 'Proceed
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Johnson, W.A. 1974. ‘Ethnoecology
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Millner-Gulland, E.J. and R. Mace 1
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Posey, D.A., J. Frechione, J. Eddin
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Salisbury, R.F., M.J. Dummett, T.L.
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Turner, H.E. 1972. ‘The Rupununi
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APPENDICES These appendices list Wa
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Wapishana name Creole name Scientif
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Wapishana Name Creole Name Scientif
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