Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conservation And Development In A ...

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World Bank 1991. 'Guyana: recent economic developments, medium-term prospects and background to the government's project list, 1992-5' . Report prepared by the World Bank for the Caribbean Group for Cooperation in Economic Development (CGCED) Meeting on Guyana, Paris, July 9, 1991. WRI 1997. World Resources Institute News Release, 4th. March 1997. WRI Publications, Baltimore, MD. Wright, B.W. 2002 (in prep.). ‘The relationship between jaw morphology and the physical properties of fruits in "robust" (Cebus apella) and "gracile" (Cebus olivaceus) capuchins in central Guyana’. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA. WWF n.d. 'Indigenous peoples and conservation: WWF statement of principles'. Manuscript. Yde, Jens 1960. 'Agriculture and division of work among the Waiwai'. Folk 2, 83-98. Zhang, S. 1995. ‘Sleeping habits of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in French Guiana’. American Journal of Primatology 36: 327-335. Zimmerman, B., C.A. Peres, J.R. Malcolm and T. Turner 2001. ‘Conservation and development alliances with the Kayapó of south-eastern Amazonia, a tropical forest indigenous people’. Environmental Conservation 28(1): 10-22.
APPENDICES These appendices list Wapishana animal and plant terms recorded in the present study. Although scientific glosses are suggested, none of these are definitive and they should not be treated as such. Not a single gloss has been verified with reference to a museum or herbarium specimen, although many are based upon fairly reliable field identifications. Many others are based upon inference from use of Creole names, ad hoc descriptions by informants of animals that I personally did not see, or informants’ putting of names to illustrations in field guides. Variation in usage of terms was encountered on a few occasions, but not investigated, and is incorporated here only in those cases where different scientific glosses are reported for a single Wapishana term. All identifications suggested are thus preliminary and should be treated as such. They are presented here as a guide to Wapishana naturalists or outside researchers interested in attempting more thorough documentation of Wapishana biological nomenclature. Spellings of Wapishana terms follow, whenever possible, the conventions employed in the most recent Wapishana dictionary compiled by the Wapishana Language Project of the Unevangelised Fields Mission in collaboration with Wapichan Wadauniinao Ati’o (WWA). Wapishana tree names were transcribed accurately, thanks to the assistance of Adrian Gomes of the WWA. Where I recorded a zoological term that appears in this dictionary, I employed the spelling used therein. In other cases, the spelling is based upon my own transcription, which is preliminary. Neither my own transcriptions nor those in the dictionary take into account variation in pronunciation that I observed within Maruranau and over the Wapishana area as a whole. I have chosen to avoid this area in recognition of the WWA’s current efforts to standardise the orthography of the Wapishana language, and for this reason have adopted their transcription even in cases where it seemed to differ in some respect from the way terms were pronounced by particular Wapishana speakers. WWA’s programme of Wapishana literacy is ongoing, and I recommend that future researchers with an interest in the Wapishana language seek their collaboration.
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Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conserv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could
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CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1. MAP OF
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Intro
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subsistence strategies to exemplify
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context is provided by Wapishana cu
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a 'need' for meat even if their phy
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phenomenon and thus arguing that in
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populations of beaver and caribou (
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practice (Sillitoe 1998: 228-9). Th
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1.2.4 Does the nature of ethnoecolo
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presented on cultural ecology. This
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Riviere identifies cognatic descent
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the village and out in the forest.
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CHAPTER 2: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND D
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groups also comprise the majority i
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provides national-level representat
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around 4,000 km 2 and excluding man
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industries have been identified as
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events was the subject of much conc
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Changes in the global economy seem
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significant improvements in the sit
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industry rapidly disappeared. A pro
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Wapishana communities in which he w
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correspond to a remarkably high pro
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Thorbjarnarson 1991; Ojasti 1991; T
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2.6 Conservation interest in Guyana
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outreach in 1995, links between Iwo
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2.6.3 Other Activities Relating to
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enefit of the entire national popul
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forests of the Rupununi River itsel
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anchers narrowly failed in their al
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eleased, but it may well be that Co
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Information collected over the cour
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from the early 19th century unambig
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south as Kujuwini (Riviere 1963: 13
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Dadanawa in 1977, has a Wapishana m
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Wapishana resident in indigenous se
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through this body that the member v
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162). Extensive changes in the over
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Brethren faith, and has constructed
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Many labour emigrants spend several
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freedom and independence of local p
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CHAPTER 4: WAPISHANA CULTURAL ECOLO
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Table 4.1. Percentage of households
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Figure 4.1. Map of Maruranau’s fa
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edge, or in patch of savannah withi
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that of previous studies of Wapisha
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other cassava drinks and those made
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and is effectively a volunteer spec
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When growing in large stands, mango
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Bananas Musa spp. 8 Thyme Lippia mi
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crop. According to the reports of p
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alone. A variety of binas 4 may be
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manicole (Euterpe spp.), or a combi
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areas on higher ground. Parrots and
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egarded as edible were omitted, alo
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Table 4.7 Animal categories reporte
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when the mother has been hunted, an
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and most of these in very small num
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that the take had diminished rapidl
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Oenocarpus 5 were treated as a sing
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egularly visited areas, but as thes
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of the European pig (Schomburgk 192
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individual resident in Aishalton be
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Useful trees were assigned to use c
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Total number of uses 120 100 80 60
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that the proportion of segregates w
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CHAPTER 5: SYMBOLISM 5.1 Syncretism
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clear that many aspects of knowledg
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malevolent purposes associated with
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ivers, especially at rapids or deep
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myself suffered a mysterious and hi
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5.5 Ecological Implications The maj
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of spider monkey meat may, however,
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CHAPTER 6: ETHNOECOLOGY This chapte
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themselves. Such a circumstance aro
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may reflect local phenotypic divers
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format employed allows analysis to
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people use this and for what?", "Ho
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6.2.2 Mechanisms of acquisition of
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my part. In all cases I looked for
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mobility prevented this. Three of t
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Opinion was also divided about the
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6.3.5 Red-rumped agouti, ‘rabbit
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occupied in the dry season are aban
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6.3.8 ‘Baboon’, red howler monk
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dynamics were considered by three i
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there was a seasonal food shortage
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din (an unidentified felid, probabl
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evealed information about this impo
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this could be conducted by examinin
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CHAPTER 7: ETHNOECOLOGY 2 - COMPARI
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caatinga (Olmos 1993), and were als
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Overall, the dietary data in the pr
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Studies from Brazil and Peru report
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Table 7.5. List of food plants reco
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cassava (Manihot esculenta), black-
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7.6 Orange-rumped agouti Table 7.9.
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availability is at its seasonal low
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7.8 Black spider monkey Specific fo
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from the current data set almost ce
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Table 7.16. Comparison of ethnoecol
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families Arecaceae (Palmae), Meliac
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Other ethnoecological data is compa
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the Wapishana biological lexicon. T
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as concrete stimuli for responses.
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CHAPTER 8: APPLICATIONS OF ETHNOECO
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herd, anticipate its movements and
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for several consecutive nights unti
Page 227 and 228: The gathering of eggs of turtles an
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Page 231 and 232: Food plant Score Freq. Fruits eaten
Page 233 and 234: esearch later collaborated on biolo
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Page 237 and 238: Subsistence is also heavily depende
Page 239 and 240: the most interesting questions. Did
Page 241 and 242: 9.3 Does the existing social-ecolog
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Page 247 and 248: provide conceptual tools useful in
Page 249 and 250: in such a way as to be complementar
Page 251 and 252: consultation on all matters affecti
Page 253 and 254: 10.2 Research findings and their im
Page 255 and 256: societies with other parties with w
Page 257 and 258: 10.4 Suggestions for further resear
Page 259 and 260: REFERENCES Agrawal, A. 1995. ‘Dis
Page 261 and 262: Barreto, G.R., O.E. Hernandez and J
Page 263 and 264: Clement, C.R. 1993. 'Native Amazoni
Page 265 and 266: EPA 1999. 'National Biodiversity Ac
Page 267 and 268: Government of Guyana 1996. 'Proceed
Page 269 and 270: Johnson, W.A. 1974. ‘Ethnoecology
Page 271 and 272: Millner-Gulland, E.J. and R. Mace 1
Page 273 and 274: Posey, D.A., J. Frechione, J. Eddin
Page 275 and 276: Salisbury, R.F., M.J. Dummett, T.L.
Page 277: Turner, H.E. 1972. ‘The Rupununi
Page 281 and 282: Wapishana name Creole name Scientif
Page 289 and 290: Wapishana Name Creole Name Scientif
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