Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conservation And Development In A ...

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Olmos, F., R. Pardini, R.L.P. Boulhosa, R. Bürgi and C. Morsello 1999. ‘Do tapirs steal food from palm seed predators or give them a lift?’. Biotropica 31(2): 375-379. Ortiz, E.G., A. Forsyth and F. Rubio 1998. ‘First Year Project Report: A Cross-Boundary Science and Policy Program to Sustain the World's Most Biodiverse Ecosystem'. On internet at . Accessed 28/1/01. Ortiz, O. 1999. ‘Understanding interactions between indigenous knowledge and scientific information’. Indigenous knowledge and development monitor 7(3): 7-10. Oviedo, G.T. 2001. ‘Protected areas and indigenous and traditional peoples’ territories: options and opportunities’. Draft paper available on internet at . Accessed 20/2/2002. Palacio, J.O. 1995. 'Aboriginal peoples - their struggle with cultural identity in the Caricom region'. Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs 20(4): 25-40. Parker, T.A., R.B. Foster, L.H. Emmons, P. Freed, A.B. Forsyth, B. Hoffman and B.D. Gill 1993. 'A biological assessment of the Kanuku mountain region of south-western Guyana'. RAP working papers 5, Conservation International, Washington D.C. Peberdy, A. 1948. ‘Report of a survey on Amerindian affairs in the remote interior’. Colonial development and welfare scheme no. D.246. Georgetown. Peetz, A. 1992, M.A. Norconk and W.G. Kinzey 1992. ‘Predation by jaguar on howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in Venezuela’. American Journal of Primatology 28: 223- 228. Peres, C.A. 1991. ‘Observations on hunting by small-eared (Atelocynus microtis) and bush dogs (Speothos venaticus) in central-western Amazonia’. Mammalia 55: 635-639. Peres, C.A. 1996. ‘Population status of white-lipped Tayassu pecari and collared peccaries T. tajacu in hunted and unhunted Amazonian forests’. Biological Conservation 77: 115-123. Peters , C.M. 1992. ‘The ecology and economy of oligarchic forests’. Advances in Economic Botany 9: 15-22. Peters, C.M., A.H. Gentry and R.O. Mendelsohn 1989. ‘Valuation of an Amazonian rain forest’. Nature 339: 655-656. Pimm, S.L. 1986. ‘Community structure and stability’. Ch. 14 (pp. 309-329) in Soulé (ed.). Pinkerton, E. 1998. ‘Integrated management of a temperate montane forest ecosystem through wholistic forestry: a British Colombia example’. Ch. 14 (pp. 363-389) in Berkes and Folke (eds.). Polak, A.M. 1992. ‘Major timber trees of Guyana: a field guide’. The Tropenbos Foundation, Waneningen. Ponte Johansons, V. 1995. "Contributions of the Warao Indians to the Ichthyology of the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela." In: Heinen, H. Dieter u.a. (Hrsg.). Naturaleza y Ecología Humana en el Neotrópico / Nature and Human Ecology in the Neotropics. Scientia Guaianæ. No 5. Caracas: IVIC.: 371-392. Posey, D.A. 1985. ‘Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems: the case of the Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon’. Agroforestry Systems 3: 139-158. Posey, D.A. 1990. ‘The application of ethnobiology in the conservation of dwindling natural resources: lost knowledge or options for the survival of the planet’. Pp. 47-59 in Posey and Overal. Posey, D.A. 1998. ‘Diachronic ecotones and anthropogenic landscapes in Amazonia: contesting the consciousness of conservation’. Ch. 5 (pp. 104-118) in Balée (ed.).
Posey, D.A., J. Frechione, J. Eddins and L. Francelino da Silva 1984. ‘Ethnoecology as applied anthropology in Amazonian development’. Human Organization 43(2): 95-107. Posey, D.A. and W. Balée (eds.) 1989. ‘Resource management in Amazonia: indigenous and folk strategies’. Advances in Economic Botany 7. Posey, D.A. and W.L. Overal 1990. ‘Ethnobiology: implications and applications’. Proceedings of the first international congress of ethnobiology. Vol. 1. Potter, Lesley 1993. 'The Amerindians of Guyana and their environment'. History Gazette 52, 2-19. Price, L. 1995. ‘Use of local knowledge in managing the Niger River fisheries project’. Chapter 21 (pp. 286-295) in Warren, Slikkerveer and Brokensha (eds.). Purcell, T.W. 1998. 'Indigenous knowledge and applied anthropology: questions of definition and direction.' Human Organization 57(3): 258-272. Puri, R.K. 2001. ‘Local knowledge and manipulation of the fruit Mata Kucing (Dimocarpus longan) in East Kalimantan’. Pp. 98-110 in Victor and Barash. Ramdass, I. and M. Hanif 1990. ‘A Definition of Priority Conservation Areas in Amazonia: Guyana Country Paper’. Background paper produced for 'Workshop 1990 - A meeting to define areas of biological significance in the Greater Amazon'. Manaus, Brazil, January 1990. Randall, R.A. 1976. ‘How tall is a taxonomic tree?: some evidence for dwarfism. American Ethnologist 3(3): 543-553. Rappaport, R.A. 1968. ‘Pigs for the ancestors: ritual in the ecology of a New Guinea people’. Yale University Press, New Haven. Rappaport, R.A. 1971. 'The flow of energy in an agricultural society'. Scientific American 225, 116-133. Redford, K.H. 1993. 'Hunting in neotropical forests - a subsidy from nature'. Ch. 19 (pp. 227-246) in Hladik et al (eds.). Redford, K.H. and J.G. Robinson (eds.) 1991. ‘Neotropical wildlife use and conservation’. University of Chicago Press, London. Redford, K.H. and C. Padoch (eds.) 1992. 'Conservation of Neotropical forests. Working from traditional resource use'. Columbia University Press, New York. Regional Democratic Council of Region 9, 1999. 'Workshop for planning agricultural development in the Rupununi, Region 9.' Proceedings of workshop held 12th-14th February 1999, Lethem, Guyana. Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1971. ‘Amazonian Cosmos’. University of Chicago Press. Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1976. 'Cosmology as ecological analysis: a view from the rain forest'. Man (N.S.) II(3): 307-318. Reinders, M. 1993. 'Medicinal plants and their uses and the ideas about illness and healing among the Warao of Guyana'. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Utrecht University. Unseen: cited in Andel and Reinders 1998. Rettig, N.L. 1978. ‘Breeding behaviour of the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja)’. The Auk 95, 629-643. Ridgwell, W.M. 1972. 'The forgotten tribes of Guyana'. Tom Stacey Ltd., London. Riley, M. 1998. 'Traditional remedies, indigenous knowledge, and intellectual property rights: the current status and possible future of the ethnomedicine of the Makushi Amerindians'. Paper delivered at conference on Carib peoples, University of Guyana, August 1998.
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Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conserv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could
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CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1. MAP OF
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Intro
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subsistence strategies to exemplify
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context is provided by Wapishana cu
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a 'need' for meat even if their phy
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phenomenon and thus arguing that in
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populations of beaver and caribou (
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practice (Sillitoe 1998: 228-9). Th
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1.2.4 Does the nature of ethnoecolo
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presented on cultural ecology. This
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Riviere identifies cognatic descent
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the village and out in the forest.
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CHAPTER 2: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND D
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groups also comprise the majority i
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provides national-level representat
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around 4,000 km 2 and excluding man
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industries have been identified as
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events was the subject of much conc
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Changes in the global economy seem
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significant improvements in the sit
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industry rapidly disappeared. A pro
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Wapishana communities in which he w
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correspond to a remarkably high pro
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Thorbjarnarson 1991; Ojasti 1991; T
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2.6 Conservation interest in Guyana
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outreach in 1995, links between Iwo
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2.6.3 Other Activities Relating to
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enefit of the entire national popul
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forests of the Rupununi River itsel
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anchers narrowly failed in their al
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eleased, but it may well be that Co
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Information collected over the cour
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from the early 19th century unambig
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south as Kujuwini (Riviere 1963: 13
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Dadanawa in 1977, has a Wapishana m
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Wapishana resident in indigenous se
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through this body that the member v
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162). Extensive changes in the over
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Brethren faith, and has constructed
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Many labour emigrants spend several
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freedom and independence of local p
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CHAPTER 4: WAPISHANA CULTURAL ECOLO
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Table 4.1. Percentage of households
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Figure 4.1. Map of Maruranau’s fa
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edge, or in patch of savannah withi
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that of previous studies of Wapisha
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other cassava drinks and those made
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and is effectively a volunteer spec
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When growing in large stands, mango
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Bananas Musa spp. 8 Thyme Lippia mi
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crop. According to the reports of p
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alone. A variety of binas 4 may be
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manicole (Euterpe spp.), or a combi
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areas on higher ground. Parrots and
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egarded as edible were omitted, alo
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Table 4.7 Animal categories reporte
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when the mother has been hunted, an
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and most of these in very small num
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that the take had diminished rapidl
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Oenocarpus 5 were treated as a sing
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egularly visited areas, but as thes
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of the European pig (Schomburgk 192
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individual resident in Aishalton be
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Useful trees were assigned to use c
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Total number of uses 120 100 80 60
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that the proportion of segregates w
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CHAPTER 5: SYMBOLISM 5.1 Syncretism
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clear that many aspects of knowledg
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malevolent purposes associated with
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ivers, especially at rapids or deep
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myself suffered a mysterious and hi
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5.5 Ecological Implications The maj
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of spider monkey meat may, however,
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CHAPTER 6: ETHNOECOLOGY This chapte
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themselves. Such a circumstance aro
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may reflect local phenotypic divers
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format employed allows analysis to
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people use this and for what?", "Ho
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6.2.2 Mechanisms of acquisition of
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my part. In all cases I looked for
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mobility prevented this. Three of t
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Opinion was also divided about the
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6.3.5 Red-rumped agouti, ‘rabbit
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occupied in the dry season are aban
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6.3.8 ‘Baboon’, red howler monk
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dynamics were considered by three i
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there was a seasonal food shortage
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din (an unidentified felid, probabl
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evealed information about this impo
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this could be conducted by examinin
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CHAPTER 7: ETHNOECOLOGY 2 - COMPARI
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caatinga (Olmos 1993), and were als
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Overall, the dietary data in the pr
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Studies from Brazil and Peru report
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Table 7.5. List of food plants reco
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cassava (Manihot esculenta), black-
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7.6 Orange-rumped agouti Table 7.9.
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availability is at its seasonal low
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7.8 Black spider monkey Specific fo
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from the current data set almost ce
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Table 7.16. Comparison of ethnoecol
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families Arecaceae (Palmae), Meliac
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Other ethnoecological data is compa
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the Wapishana biological lexicon. T
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as concrete stimuli for responses.
Page 221 and 222: CHAPTER 8: APPLICATIONS OF ETHNOECO
Page 223 and 224: herd, anticipate its movements and
Page 225 and 226: for several consecutive nights unti
Page 227 and 228: The gathering of eggs of turtles an
Page 229 and 230: importance of particular foods, esp
Page 231 and 232: Food plant Score Freq. Fruits eaten
Page 233 and 234: esearch later collaborated on biolo
Page 235 and 236: weaknesses correspond to some of th
Page 237 and 238: Subsistence is also heavily depende
Page 239 and 240: the most interesting questions. Did
Page 241 and 242: 9.3 Does the existing social-ecolog
Page 243 and 244: avoidance by people of particular a
Page 245 and 246: via the exploitation of locally-ava
Page 247 and 248: provide conceptual tools useful in
Page 249 and 250: in such a way as to be complementar
Page 251 and 252: consultation on all matters affecti
Page 253 and 254: 10.2 Research findings and their im
Page 255 and 256: societies with other parties with w
Page 257 and 258: 10.4 Suggestions for further resear
Page 259 and 260: REFERENCES Agrawal, A. 1995. ‘Dis
Page 261 and 262: Barreto, G.R., O.E. Hernandez and J
Page 263 and 264: Clement, C.R. 1993. 'Native Amazoni
Page 265 and 266: EPA 1999. 'National Biodiversity Ac
Page 267 and 268: Government of Guyana 1996. 'Proceed
Page 269 and 270: Johnson, W.A. 1974. ‘Ethnoecology
Page 271: Millner-Gulland, E.J. and R. Mace 1
Page 275 and 276: Salisbury, R.F., M.J. Dummett, T.L.
Page 277 and 278: Turner, H.E. 1972. ‘The Rupununi
Page 279 and 280: APPENDICES These appendices list Wa
Page 281 and 282: Wapishana name Creole name Scientif
Page 289 and 290: Wapishana Name Creole Name Scientif
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