Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conservation And Development In A ...

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Table 6.2. Ethnoecological data on plants characteristic of early succession in abandoned farms (* indicates species reported to be largely or wholly restricted to old farms) Name Uses* Animal consumers buru E None reported toro (Cecropia sp.) kaamaniu (Pouroura sp.) N Browsed by Tapirus terrestris. Fruits eaten by Crax alector and both species of Tayassu. mokoro T Eaten for water by Tayassu pecari. manada N Trunks bitten by Cebus apella for water. Tayassu pecari forage at base. kochoiwi'izan (Euterpe sp.) C, (E) Fruits eaten by macaws, parakeets, toucans, Penelope sp., Pipile pipile, Mazama spp., Dasypus spp. yurou N Fruits eaten by bats, Tayassu spp., Dasyprocta agouti and Myoprocta acouchy i'ichoro N Fruits eaten by chibid, eaten and dispersed by bats. kapash dyo N Fruits eaten by Dasyprocta agouti, Myoprocta acouchy, farm birds such as Leptotila rufaxilla and Geotrygon montana. *kaazi'ikun (‘wild potato’) kazakazari (razor grass) T Leaves browsed by Mazama spp. Seeds eaten and dispersed by pigeons. N Browsed by Mazama spp. Seed eaten by Leptotila rufaxilla. sokoru atun N Young seeds eaten by Mazama spp., Dasyprocta agouti, pigeons, rats. sha'akai N Young shoots eaten by Mazama spp. ma'achaiwaodukori N Young and old leaves browsed by Mazama spp., Tapirus terrestris. kizam daru kadin T, (E) Fruits eaten by chibid. Home to caterpillar (kazak dare) sometimes eaten by people. pawish surizowao N Fruits eaten by armadillos. Seeds eaten and dispersed by Leptotila rufaxilla. ini didada (wild pepper) E Fruits eaten and dispersed by chibid pichabau N Flowers eaten by Geocheleone spp. siizan (wild banana) T, C None reported ma'acha'iko N Fruits eaten by bat, seeds by Tayassu spp., Dasyprocta agouti and Myoprocta acouchy. taoitub N None reported soomakun N None reported (*) Use categories (see chapter 4.8): E — Edible; (E) — considered edible by some; C – Construction; T — Technological; N – No reported uses The topic of the changes over time in the plant and animal species to be found in abandoned farms, was the subject of a series of interviews with a single informant. This information was supplemented by observations volunteered by other informants within ethnoecological interviews or on a casual basis while in the forest. This
evealed information about this important area of human subsistence that augments that already incorporated into the model of human synecology, and which is summarised in tables 6.2 and 6.3. Table 6.3. Plants indicated to be characteristic of late succession in old farms. (* indicates species reported to be largely or wholly restricted to old farms) Name Human use Animal use Mapuza E, T, C Fruits eaten by Tayassu spp., Mazama (Oenocarpus bacaba) americana, Dasyprocta agouti and Agouti paca Ochoro E, T, C Fruits eaten by Tapirus terrestris, Tayassu spp., (Oenocarpus bataua) Mazama americana, Dasyprocta agouti and Agouti paca Kawarori E Fruits eaten by Tapirus terrestris, Tayassu spp., (Anacardium giganteum) Mazama americana, Dasyprocta agouti and Agouti paca Dyakara (Inga sp.) E Fruits eaten by Aratinga leucophthalmus, Ara macao, Ara ararauna, Cebus apella, Chiropotes satanas, Tayassu spp., Tinamus, Crax alector, Saguinus midas, Saimiri sciureus. Zuum C, T Fruits eaten by Ara macao, Ara chloroptera, Ara ararauna. Mashimkara None reported *Omaatukun C Fruits eaten and dispersed by pigeons (Columba spp. and Geotrygon montana) and Geocheleone spp. *Katubara T None reported Kokirai N None reported Waazu (Astrocaryum aculeatum) Kodoi autakan (‘tapir guava’) Kumitii N None reported Toizau (Astrocaryum sp.) N None reported Itki'izi N None reported T, E Fruits eaten by Cebus apella and various species of murid. Fallen seeds eaten by Tayassu spp. and Dasyprocta agouti. N Fruits eaten by Tapirus terrestris. 6.5 Comments on the ethnoecological data set One of the most striking features of the dietary information is the low frequency with which most food items were mentioned for particular animal species. A high proportion of the food items recorded for each animal were each named by only a single interviewee, for example 49 of the 97 food items mentioned for red brocket deer, and 43 of 70 in the case of tapir (see summary table in chapter 7.14.1 for figures for all species). I suggest three major factors that might explain this: 1. Limitations of the interview context. The formal interview setting is one that was unfamiliar to most participants, and for this reason may not have been conducive to the recall of all pertinent information.
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Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conserv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could
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CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1. MAP OF
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Intro
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subsistence strategies to exemplify
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context is provided by Wapishana cu
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a 'need' for meat even if their phy
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phenomenon and thus arguing that in
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populations of beaver and caribou (
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practice (Sillitoe 1998: 228-9). Th
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1.2.4 Does the nature of ethnoecolo
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presented on cultural ecology. This
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Riviere identifies cognatic descent
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the village and out in the forest.
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CHAPTER 2: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND D
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groups also comprise the majority i
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provides national-level representat
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around 4,000 km 2 and excluding man
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industries have been identified as
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events was the subject of much conc
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Changes in the global economy seem
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significant improvements in the sit
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industry rapidly disappeared. A pro
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Wapishana communities in which he w
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correspond to a remarkably high pro
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Thorbjarnarson 1991; Ojasti 1991; T
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2.6 Conservation interest in Guyana
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outreach in 1995, links between Iwo
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2.6.3 Other Activities Relating to
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enefit of the entire national popul
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forests of the Rupununi River itsel
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anchers narrowly failed in their al
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eleased, but it may well be that Co
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Information collected over the cour
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from the early 19th century unambig
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south as Kujuwini (Riviere 1963: 13
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Dadanawa in 1977, has a Wapishana m
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Wapishana resident in indigenous se
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through this body that the member v
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162). Extensive changes in the over
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Brethren faith, and has constructed
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Many labour emigrants spend several
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freedom and independence of local p
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CHAPTER 4: WAPISHANA CULTURAL ECOLO
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Table 4.1. Percentage of households
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Figure 4.1. Map of Maruranau’s fa
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edge, or in patch of savannah withi
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that of previous studies of Wapisha
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other cassava drinks and those made
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and is effectively a volunteer spec
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When growing in large stands, mango
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Bananas Musa spp. 8 Thyme Lippia mi
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crop. According to the reports of p
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alone. A variety of binas 4 may be
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manicole (Euterpe spp.), or a combi
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areas on higher ground. Parrots and
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egarded as edible were omitted, alo
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Table 4.7 Animal categories reporte
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when the mother has been hunted, an
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and most of these in very small num
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that the take had diminished rapidl
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Oenocarpus 5 were treated as a sing
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egularly visited areas, but as thes
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of the European pig (Schomburgk 192
Page 131 and 132: individual resident in Aishalton be
Page 133 and 134: Useful trees were assigned to use c
Page 135 and 136: Total number of uses 120 100 80 60
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Page 139 and 140: CHAPTER 5: SYMBOLISM 5.1 Syncretism
Page 141 and 142: clear that many aspects of knowledg
Page 143 and 144: malevolent purposes associated with
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Page 147 and 148: myself suffered a mysterious and hi
Page 149 and 150: 5.5 Ecological Implications The maj
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Page 153 and 154: CHAPTER 6: ETHNOECOLOGY This chapte
Page 155 and 156: themselves. Such a circumstance aro
Page 157 and 158: may reflect local phenotypic divers
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Page 161 and 162: people use this and for what?", "Ho
Page 163 and 164: 6.2.2 Mechanisms of acquisition of
Page 165 and 166: my part. In all cases I looked for
Page 167 and 168: mobility prevented this. Three of t
Page 169 and 170: Opinion was also divided about the
Page 171 and 172: 6.3.5 Red-rumped agouti, ‘rabbit
Page 173 and 174: occupied in the dry season are aban
Page 175 and 176: 6.3.8 ‘Baboon’, red howler monk
Page 177 and 178: dynamics were considered by three i
Page 179 and 180: there was a seasonal food shortage
Page 181: din (an unidentified felid, probabl
Page 185 and 186: this could be conducted by examinin
Page 187 and 188: CHAPTER 7: ETHNOECOLOGY 2 - COMPARI
Page 189 and 190: caatinga (Olmos 1993), and were als
Page 191 and 192: Overall, the dietary data in the pr
Page 193 and 194: Studies from Brazil and Peru report
Page 195 and 196: Table 7.5. List of food plants reco
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Page 199 and 200: 7.6 Orange-rumped agouti Table 7.9.
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Page 203 and 204: 7.8 Black spider monkey Specific fo
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Page 207 and 208: Table 7.16. Comparison of ethnoecol
Page 209 and 210: families Arecaceae (Palmae), Meliac
Page 213 and 214: Other ethnoecological data is compa
Page 217 and 218: the Wapishana biological lexicon. T
Page 219 and 220: as concrete stimuli for responses.
Page 221 and 222: CHAPTER 8: APPLICATIONS OF ETHNOECO
Page 223 and 224: herd, anticipate its movements and
Page 225 and 226: for several consecutive nights unti
Page 227 and 228: The gathering of eggs of turtles an
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Page 231 and 232: Food plant Score Freq. Fruits eaten
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esearch later collaborated on biolo
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weaknesses correspond to some of th
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Subsistence is also heavily depende
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the most interesting questions. Did
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9.3 Does the existing social-ecolog
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avoidance by people of particular a
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via the exploitation of locally-ava
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provide conceptual tools useful in
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in such a way as to be complementar
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consultation on all matters affecti
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10.2 Research findings and their im
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societies with other parties with w
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10.4 Suggestions for further resear
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REFERENCES Agrawal, A. 1995. ‘Dis
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Barreto, G.R., O.E. Hernandez and J
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Clement, C.R. 1993. 'Native Amazoni
Page 265 and 266:
EPA 1999. 'National Biodiversity Ac
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Government of Guyana 1996. 'Proceed
Page 269 and 270:
Johnson, W.A. 1974. ‘Ethnoecology
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Millner-Gulland, E.J. and R. Mace 1
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Posey, D.A., J. Frechione, J. Eddin
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Salisbury, R.F., M.J. Dummett, T.L.
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Turner, H.E. 1972. ‘The Rupununi
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APPENDICES These appendices list Wa
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Wapishana name Creole name Scientif
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Wapishana Name Creole Name Scientif
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