Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conservation And Development In A ...

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most frequently - cassava (Manihot esculenta), especially roots left to soak in forest creeks during processing. Oran were also reported to gnaw upon the shells of dead turtles and animal bones, especially those discarded around hunting camps. Of all the species of animal focused upon in this chapter, it is Agouti paca whose ecology is most poorly known, and those papers that do exist on the subject are not readily available. The comparison in table 7.12 is based upon species accounts in two general texts on neotropical mammals, and various papers on species of predator, which include records of the consumption of A. paca as prey. Fourteen observations on comparable subjects are all consistent between the two data sets. Table 7.12. Comparison of ethnoecological and ecological data sets for Agouti paca Subject Ethnoecological observation Ecological observation Diet Seeds, fruits, crops - especially cassava Seed predators, but also Dry season food shortage, at which time disperse some buried seeds feed off farm crops, seeds buried during synzoochorously. Fruits, their time of abundance and the seeds of Mauritia flexuosa and Astrocaryum nuts, seeds [5] aculeatum Eat fruits and some tubers [6] Social Group size 1-2 Usually solitary, although Groups of two may be breeding pairs mother may be accompanied Sometimes aggregate at feeding places by young. Male and female territories overlap [5] Pairs share territories, but forage alone [6] Habitat use Riparian habitats in both forest and Most common near savannah. Migrate seasonally in response to inundation watercourses or seeps [6] Activity patterns Nocturnal Usually nocturnal [5,6] Resting place Burrows in ground or rotten tree trunks Digs burrows or appropriates those of giant armadillo [5] Ranging Occupy fixed home ranges Occupy and defend fixed behaviour home ranges [5] Reproduction Litter size 1-2 Usually single young, rarely Parental care lasts 3-4 months twins [5] Predation Speothos venaticus reported to be Hunted and eaten by specialist laba predator Speothos venaticus [1,2] Panthera onca, Puma concolor, Eaten by Panthera onca, Leopardus sp./spp. and camoudis Leopardus pardalis [3] (Constrictor constrictor and Eunectes Eaten by Panthera onca, Puma murinus) also listed as predators. concolor, L. pardalis [4] [1] Peres 1991 [2] Deutsch 1983 [3] Tewes and Schmidly 1987 [4] Emmons 1987 [5] Eisenberg 1989 : 395-6 [6] Emmons and Feer 1997: 224-5
7.8 Black spider monkey Specific food items reported more than once for roomi included the fruits listed in table 7.13. Young leaves and flowers were also reported to be eaten, but only one species of leaf was specified - koron - and no species of flower. Table 7.13. List of food plants recorded in ethnoecological interviews on Ateles paniscus, and their corroboration in the ecological literature. Wapishana name Latin name Gen Fam Iziari Manilkara bidentata: Sapotaceae X X Ochoro Oenocarpus bataua: Palmae X X Mapuza Oenocarpus bacaba: Palmae X X Koram Inga alba: Leguminosae (Mimosoideae) X X Otoochi cf. Chrysophyllum: Sapotaceae X X Naata Hymenaea courbaril: Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae) X X Roomi au Sacloglottis cydonioides: Humiriceae X X Zuupu Spondias mombin: Anacardiaceae X X Roomi dukodokun cf. Leonia: Violaceae X X Kaawai Micropholis venulosa: Sapotaceae X X Poo'a Pouteria sp.: Sapotaceae X X Dyakara Inga sp: Leguminosae (Mimosoideae) X X Koobiki Inga ingoides: Leguminosae (Mimosoideae) X X Wamooko Parinari excelsa: Chrysobalanaceae X X Bowao Tetragastris sp./spp.: Burseraceae X X Zudu Parinari sp.: Chrysobalanaceae X X Kawarori Anacardium giganteum: Anacardiaceae X X Taasho Muellera frutescens: Leguminosae (Papilionoideae) X Pokoridi Attalea regia: Palmae X Kaziman Couma sp.: Apocynaceae X Koron Catostemma fragrans: Bombacaceae (X) Widu'oko not identified - - Arakiki not identified - - Sho'oruku not identified - - A study of the ecology of Ateles paniscus in Surinam recorded the consumption of the fruits of Oenocarpus bacaba, Inga alba and nine other species of Inga, Chrysophyllum auratum, Sacloglottis cydonioides, Spondias mombin, Leonia glycycarpa, Micropholis guyanensis, Pouteria guianensis and one other species of Pouteria, Parinari excelsa, Parinari campestris, Tetragastris altissima, T. panamensis, and Anacardium giganteum (Roosmalen 1985b: 52-64). Although Catostemma is not mentioned, and may not have been present in van Roosmalen’s study area, two other
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Ethnoecology, Resource Use, Conserv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could
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CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1. MAP OF
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Intro
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subsistence strategies to exemplify
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context is provided by Wapishana cu
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a 'need' for meat even if their phy
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phenomenon and thus arguing that in
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populations of beaver and caribou (
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practice (Sillitoe 1998: 228-9). Th
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1.2.4 Does the nature of ethnoecolo
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presented on cultural ecology. This
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Riviere identifies cognatic descent
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the village and out in the forest.
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CHAPTER 2: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND D
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groups also comprise the majority i
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provides national-level representat
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around 4,000 km 2 and excluding man
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industries have been identified as
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events was the subject of much conc
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Changes in the global economy seem
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significant improvements in the sit
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industry rapidly disappeared. A pro
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Wapishana communities in which he w
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correspond to a remarkably high pro
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Thorbjarnarson 1991; Ojasti 1991; T
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2.6 Conservation interest in Guyana
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outreach in 1995, links between Iwo
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2.6.3 Other Activities Relating to
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enefit of the entire national popul
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forests of the Rupununi River itsel
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anchers narrowly failed in their al
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eleased, but it may well be that Co
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Information collected over the cour
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from the early 19th century unambig
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south as Kujuwini (Riviere 1963: 13
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Dadanawa in 1977, has a Wapishana m
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Wapishana resident in indigenous se
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through this body that the member v
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162). Extensive changes in the over
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Brethren faith, and has constructed
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Many labour emigrants spend several
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freedom and independence of local p
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CHAPTER 4: WAPISHANA CULTURAL ECOLO
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Table 4.1. Percentage of households
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Figure 4.1. Map of Maruranau’s fa
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edge, or in patch of savannah withi
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that of previous studies of Wapisha
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other cassava drinks and those made
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and is effectively a volunteer spec
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When growing in large stands, mango
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Bananas Musa spp. 8 Thyme Lippia mi
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crop. According to the reports of p
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alone. A variety of binas 4 may be
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manicole (Euterpe spp.), or a combi
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areas on higher ground. Parrots and
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egarded as edible were omitted, alo
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Table 4.7 Animal categories reporte
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when the mother has been hunted, an
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and most of these in very small num
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that the take had diminished rapidl
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Oenocarpus 5 were treated as a sing
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egularly visited areas, but as thes
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of the European pig (Schomburgk 192
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individual resident in Aishalton be
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Useful trees were assigned to use c
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Total number of uses 120 100 80 60
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that the proportion of segregates w
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CHAPTER 5: SYMBOLISM 5.1 Syncretism
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clear that many aspects of knowledg
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malevolent purposes associated with
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ivers, especially at rapids or deep
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myself suffered a mysterious and hi
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5.5 Ecological Implications The maj
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Page 153 and 154: CHAPTER 6: ETHNOECOLOGY This chapte
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Page 161 and 162: people use this and for what?", "Ho
Page 163 and 164: 6.2.2 Mechanisms of acquisition of
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Page 169 and 170: Opinion was also divided about the
Page 171 and 172: 6.3.5 Red-rumped agouti, ‘rabbit
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Page 175 and 176: 6.3.8 ‘Baboon’, red howler monk
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Page 213 and 214: Other ethnoecological data is compa
Page 217 and 218: the Wapishana biological lexicon. T
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Page 227 and 228: The gathering of eggs of turtles an
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Page 241 and 242: 9.3 Does the existing social-ecolog
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10.2 Research findings and their im
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societies with other parties with w
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10.4 Suggestions for further resear
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REFERENCES Agrawal, A. 1995. ‘Dis
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Barreto, G.R., O.E. Hernandez and J
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Clement, C.R. 1993. 'Native Amazoni
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EPA 1999. 'National Biodiversity Ac
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Government of Guyana 1996. 'Proceed
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Johnson, W.A. 1974. ‘Ethnoecology
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Millner-Gulland, E.J. and R. Mace 1
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Posey, D.A., J. Frechione, J. Eddin
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Salisbury, R.F., M.J. Dummett, T.L.
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Turner, H.E. 1972. ‘The Rupununi
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APPENDICES These appendices list Wa
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Wapishana name Creole name Scientif
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Wapishana Name Creole Name Scientif
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