Report from the Sub-comittee on the environment and health

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The sub-committee’s recommendations concerning coformulants parts containing pesticide residues. Syn<strong>the</strong>tic pesticides usually contain chemical structures that are seldom found in nature. The physical and chemical properties of <strong>the</strong> molecule, and thus its toxicity, are <strong>the</strong>reby changed. This effect depends particularly on changes in <strong>the</strong> direction of lower degradability, greater persistence, changed solubility and increased penetration in membranes. The following specific conclusions can be drawn: • The heavy metals cadmium, lead and mercury present a greater health problem than pesticides, but are not a serious problem environmentally. However, attention must be paid to a potential accumulation in cultivated soil of, in particular, cadmium, lead and copper. • Compared with <strong>the</strong> effect of pesticides, <strong>the</strong> direct effect of xenobiotic substances on cultivated soil and thus on crops is small. However, relatively little is known about potential, indirect pollution by xenobiotic substances, for example via air or through accidental loss, spillage or discharge to water. There may <strong>the</strong>refore be grounds for concern since <strong>the</strong> long-term effects of even small concentrations are not known. With <strong>the</strong> environment policy now pursued, efforts are being made, both nationally and internationally, to ensure a reduction at source, but owing to <strong>the</strong> continuing supply of such substances, <strong>the</strong> load must be monitored on a long-term basis. • Organic pollutants are not generally a problem in cultivated soil. With frequent application of sludge on <strong>the</strong> same area, <strong>the</strong> total quantity of xenobiotic substances can be of <strong>the</strong> same order of magnitude as <strong>the</strong> pesticide load. • The use of veterinary drugs and growth promoters involves a risk of <strong>the</strong> development of resistant microorganisms, and too little is as yet known about <strong>the</strong> possible effect of manure on cultivated land to assess veterinary drugs and growth promoters in relation to pesticides. • A number of naturally occurring substances are to a limited extent used as pesticides. The substances in question are relatively easily degradable, so <strong>the</strong>ir action time is short, but <strong>the</strong> sub-committee finds that <strong>the</strong>re is in principle no difference between <strong>the</strong>se substances and syn<strong>the</strong>tic pesticides. The sub-committee concludes that, compared with natural substances, pesticides have a considerably greater potential for environmentally harmful effects because of <strong>the</strong> way <strong>the</strong>y are used, <strong>the</strong>ir relatively low degradability and <strong>the</strong>ir chemically determined, intensified mode of action. With respect to human health, <strong>the</strong> sub-committee finds that some naturally occurring constituents of plants can present a risk and that, for example in connection with “Novel Food” products, <strong>the</strong>y should be subjected to a risk analysis in line with pesticides. • The sub-committee recommends that <strong>the</strong> authorisation scheme be expanded so that <strong>the</strong> requirements concerning coformulants approach <strong>the</strong> requirements made concerning active ingredients. In this connection, all carcinogenic substances should be banned. However, coformulants are also used for o<strong>the</strong>r purposes than pesticide 143
144 formulations. Therefore, <strong>the</strong> regulations on <strong>the</strong> use of <strong>the</strong>se substances should be generally tightened for all applications.
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The Bichel Committee 1999 R
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1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 THE SUB-COMMITTE
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9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH ASSESSME
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1 Introduction On 15 May 1997 <stro
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The President Members 10 Henrik San
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Consultants’ reports 12 The sub-c
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14 4 Occurrence of pesticides in <s
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The Nationwide Monitoring Programme
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Counties analyse samples fr
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20 system. However, the</st
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941 110 22 MB 270 31 13 MB 1281 10
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Substance Permitte
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26 The distribution of finds of pes
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28 concentrations of up to 11 micro
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Table 4.10 Occurrence of pesticides
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32 It will be seen from</st
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34 • The frequency of detection i
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36 Soil water samples containing pe
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38 Bromoxynil 3 n.d. 0.04 54 DNOC 4
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40 concentrations found so far are
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42 mononitrophenols and oth
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44 The main measure used to try to
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Models for volatilisation 46 • It
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Calculation of the
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Processes that remove pesticides <s
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52 atrazine and the</strong
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Potential sources of pesticides in
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56 Example 1: IPU dosage 1000 g act
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58 completely against future pollut
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Exposure of field fauna through tre
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Leaf beetles Direct effects of spra
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Indirect effects on mammals and bir
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Birds are particularly interesting
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Importance of headland vegetation t
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Effects of pesticides in forestry A
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Repeated spraying changes t
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Effect on seed production The wild
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Impact on the flor
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• The sub-committee recommends mo
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Effects on primary producers The ef
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Effects on amphibians Unlawful use
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concentrations than the</st
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The sub-committee recommends more c
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General ergonomic problems Particul
Page 93 and 94: Tractor accidents Accidents resulti
Page 95 and 96: The sprayer operator’s exposure t
Page 97 and 98: Pesticides and cancer 96 th
Page 99 and 100: Studies of frequency of cancer Repr
Page 101 and 102: Neurotoxicity Immunotoxicity and se
Page 103 and 104: Population studies 102 • Long-ter
Page 105 and 106: Other risk groups
Page 107 and 108: 106 tomat salat kinakål kartofler
Page 109 and 110: Calculation of pesticide intake <st
Page 111 and 112: The Danes’ dietary pattern Reduct
Page 113 and 114: Estimated intake from</stro
Page 115 and 116: Table 6.4 Estimated pesticide intak
Page 117 and 118: Variation in daily intake of pestic
Page 119 and 120: Endosulfan = Endosulfan Methidathio
Page 121 and 122: Limit values Authorisation of pesti
Page 123 and 124: Analytical studies: case control st
Page 125 and 126: Cancer Mechanism behind the
Page 127 and 128: Neurotoxicity Neurotoxicity in chil
Page 129 and 130: 128 6.2.7 Conclusions There is insu
Page 131 and 132: 130 • It cannot be proven on <str
Page 133 and 134: 132 Danish products. There are big
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Page 137 and 138: Definition of proportionality Heavy
Page 139 and 140: Tropospheric ozone Veterinary drugs
Page 141 and 142: 140 effect that can be expected per
Page 143: Synthetic pesticid
Page 147 and 148: International cooperation 146 be il
Page 149 and 150: Fuzzy Expert model Expert assessmen
Page 151 and 152: Setting up a gross list with a view
Page 153 and 154: Better monitoring of the</s
Page 155 and 156: 154 help in the as
Page 157 and 158: Impact index for the</stron
Page 159 and 160: Knowledge-building in the</
Page 161 and 162: 160 In relation to the</str
Page 163 and 164: Uncertainties and variations 162 A
Page 165 and 166: 164 which is fixed at 0.1 microgram
Page 167 and 168: 166 If the risk as
Page 169 and 170: Prevention of disease in cereal cro
Page 171 and 172: Prevention of pest attack in agricu
Page 173 and 174: 172 plants whose ability to establi
Page 175 and 176: Biobeds Municipal environmental sup
Page 177 and 178: Malt barley and gushing Direct effe
Page 179 and 180: Effect of soil treatment on wild pl
Page 181 and 182: Emissions of greenhouse gases 180 p
Page 183 and 184: Conclusions concerning environmenta
Page 185 and 186: Conclusions concerning leaching of
Page 187 and 188: 0+-scenario: almost total phase-out
Page 189 and 190: Scenarios for forests Weath
Page 191 and 192: Soil Residues in the</stron
Page 193 and 194: Impact on the fiel
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Earthworms 194 has been carried out
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Assumptions and uncertainties Resul
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Comparison of weed control with and
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Results of calculations with <stron
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202 Scenarier Ingen behandling Plus
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Impacts on the flo
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Results of the mod
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Mechanical weed control 208 Behandl
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The Dane's dietary pattern and dail
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212 11 The sub-committee’s summar
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Conclusion concerning lack of time
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Conclusion concerning impacts on fl
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Conclusions concerning model analys
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Conclusions concerning exposure to
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Conclusion concerning mycotoxins Th
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Ranking with respect to groundwater
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Conclusion concerning emissions of
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Conclusions concerning natural subs
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230 12 References Abell, A., Bonde,
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232 Colborn, T., vom Saal., F.S., S
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234 Eyer, P. (1995). Neuropsychopat
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236 Graae, B.J. (1999). Florest flo
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238 Protection Conference: Pesticid
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240 Lindhardt, B., Sørensen, P.B.,
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242 consumption of fossil energy wi
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244 intoxication. The Pesticide Hea
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246 Underudvalget for Miljø og Sun
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248 Annex 1 Data required for autho
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250 11) Metabolism in animals The s
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252 Annex 2 The general rules for r
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Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 25
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256 reasonable and usable system fo
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Report from the Sub-comittee on the environment and health

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