Report from the Sub-comittee on the environment and health

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Active ingredient Concentration Finds Number of µg/L (%) samples Atrazine (H) 0.005 – 1 27 305 Bentazon a (H) 0.01 – 10 27 155 Bromoxynil (H) 0.01 – 0.5 8 102 Clopyralid (H) 0.1 – 0.4 2 101 Cyanazine (H) 0.09 – 0.3 2 97 2,4-D a (H) 0.02 – 6.6 15 139 Diazinon (H) 0.05 20 5 Dichlobenil (H) 0.01 – 1.7 33 156 Dichlorprop a (H) 0.01 – 2.8 12 290 Dimethoate (I) 0.08 – 0.6 4 140 Dinoseb (H) 0.01 – 0.12 5 98 Diuron a (H) 0.02 – 2 35 106 DNOC (H) 0.01 – 0.7 14 199 Esfenvalerate (I) 0.03 – 0.2 9 43 Ethofumesate (H) 0.03 – 0.6 20 105 Fenpropimorph (F) 0.02 – 0.4 13 97 Glyphosate (H) 0.02 – 0.21 100 6 Hexazinone (H) 0.04 – 4 39 132 Ioxynil a (H) 0.01 – 0.3 10 120 Isoproturon (H) 0.01 – 3 23 280 Linuron (H) 0.05 – 0.6 10 42 MCPA a (H) 0.005 – 7 19 303 Mechlorprop a (H) 0.01 – 7 31 313 Metamitron (H) 1 – 7 8 25 Methabenzthiazurone 0.3 20 5 (H) Pendimethalin (H) 0.1 20 10 Pirimicarb (I) 0.06 – 0.6 17 126 Propiconazole (F) 0.03 – 0.8 6 142 Propyzamide (H) 0.01 – 0.8 6 120 Simazine a (H) 0.01 – 4 16 307 Terbuthylazine (H) 0.01 – 0.1 20 164 Tribenuron-methyl (H) <strong>Sub</strong>stances in italics are banned. 0.008 – 0.03 4 48 a = permitted with restricted use/or authorised on special conditions µg/L = microgramme per litre 29
Table 4.10 Occurrence of pesticides in watercourses, with a breakdown in types of catchment area. The table shows <strong>the</strong> number of finds out of <strong>the</strong> total number of samples and <strong>the</strong> concentration range in microgramme per litre. The first study was carried out by DMU in 1989-1991. In 1994-1996 a major study was carried out in Funen County. In 1996, <strong>the</strong> table includes data <strong>from</strong> several counties (Mogensen 1998). Active ingredient/ Type of catchment area 30 Urban area Mixed catchment area, clay Mixed catchment area Clayey agric. catchment area Sandy agric. catchment area Sandy/clayey catchment area Forest watercourse Uncultivat ed catchment area 2,4-D (H) 1/5; 0.02 6/58; 0.05-0.1 n.d./5 16/78; 0.03-7 5/86; 0.02-0.3 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 atrazin (H) 5/5; 0.04-0.2 14/57; 0.005-0.4 n.d./5 59/151; 0.01-1 7/86; 0.01-0.08 n.d./10 1/25; 0.07 n.d./5 n.d./12 bentazon (H) n.d./5 7/58; 0.05-0.3 n.d./5 25/72; 0.01-10 10/25; 0.02-0.2 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 bromoxynil (H) n.a. n.d./58 n.a. 6/47; 0.01-0.5 2/55; 0.02-0.03 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.d./12 clopyralid (H) n.a. n.d./58 n.a. 2/101; 0.1-0.4 n.d./10 n.a. n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 cyanazine (H) n.d./5 n.d./55 n.d./5 2/97; 0.09-0.3 n.d./25 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 diazinon (I) n.d./5 n.d./58 n.d./5 1/5; 0.05 n.d./25 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 dichlobenil (H) 5/5; 0.02-0.3 15/54; 0.04-0.2 1/5; 0.01 25/62; 0.01-2 2/5; 0.06-0.1 4/10; 0.04-0.06 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 dichlorprop (H) 3/5; 0.02-0.2 11/58; 0.1-0.2 n.d./5 12/141; 0.01-3 8/76; 0.01-0.6 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 dimethoate (I) n.d./5 1/53; 0.1 n.d./5 4/62; 0.08-0.6 n.d./25 n.d./10 1/25; 0.1 n.d./5 n.d./12 dinoseb (H) n.d./5 n.a. n.d./5 5/98; 0.01-0.1 n.d./15 n.d./10 n.a. n.d./5 n.a. diuron (H) n.a. 24/54; 0.07-1 n.a. 13/52; 0.02-2 n.d./10 n.a. n.d./25 n.a. n.d./12 DNOC (H) 3/5; 0.2-0.7 n.a. 2/5; 0.04-0.2 16/98; 0.01-0.6 3/76; 0.01-0.07 1/10; 0.03 n.a. 1/5; 0.01 n.a. esfenvalerate (I) n.d./5 n.d./58 n.d./5 4/43; 0.03-0.2 n.d./25 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 ethofumesate (H) n.a. 7/55; 0.03-0.1 n.a. 14/50; 0.03-0.6 n.d./10 n.a. n.d./25 n.a. n.d./12 fenpropimorph (F) 2/5; 0.1-0.3 n.d./58 n.d./5 9/67; 0.02-0.4 1/25; 0.05 1/10; 0.1 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 glyphosate (H) n.a. 5/5; 0.02-0.2 n.a. 1/1; 0.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. hexazinone (H) n.d./5 17/54; 0.04-0.08 n.d./5 17/42; 0.04-4 n.d./25 n.d./10 16/25; 0.07-0.3 n.d./5 2/12; 3 ioxynil (H) n.d./3 n.d./58 n.d./3 10/64; 0.01-0.3 2/56; 0.01-0.05 n.d./6 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 isoproturon (H) 2/5; 0.02-0.04 16/54; 0.08-1 n.d./5 38/139; 0.02-3 6/75; 0.01-0.2 2/10; 0.01-0.02 n.d./25 n.d./5 2/12; 0.06-0.2 linuron (H) n.a. n.d./58 n.a. 4/42; 0.05-0.6 n.d./10 n.a. n.d./25 n.a. n.d./12 MCPA (H) 3/5; 0.03-0.09 13/58; 0.07-0.2 n.d./5 33/149; 0.01-7 8/81; 0.005-0.2 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 mechlorprop (H)p 3/5; 0.05-4 24/58; 0.08-0.4 2/5; 0.01-0.03 55/149; 0.01-7 9/81; 0.05-0.2 2/10; 0.02-0.07 n.d./25 1/5; 0.02 n.d./12 metamitron (H) n.d./5 n.d./58 n.d./5 2/53; 1-7 n.d./25 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 methabenzthiazurone n.a. n.d./58 n.a. 1/53; 0.3 n.d./10 n.a. n.d./25 n.a. n.d./12 (H) pendimethalin (H) n.a. n.d./58 n.a. 2/50; 0.1 n.d./10 n.a. n.d./25 n.a. n.d./12 pirimicarb (I) n.d./5 15/54; 0.03-0.08 n.d./5 6/62; 0.03-0.6 n.d./25 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 propiconazole (F) n.d./5 1/53; 0.08 n.d./5 6/64; 0.033-0.8 1/25; 0.03 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 propyzamide (H) n.a. 2/54; 0.5-0.8 n.a. 5/66; 0.01-0.2 n.d./10 n.a. n.d./25 n.a. n.d./12 simazine (H) 5/5; 0.05-4 10/54; 0.09-0.3 n.d./5 23/145; 0.01-0.03 10/88; 0.01-0.2 n.d./10 n.d./25 n.d./5 n.d./12 terbuthylazine (H) 3/5; 0.01-0.02 16/54; 0.03-0.1 n.d./5 11/67; 0.01-0.1 n.d./25 1/25; 0.01 n.d./25 n.d./5 1/13; 0.4 Springs
Page 1: The Bichel Committee 1999 R
Page 4 and 5: 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 THE SUB-COMMITTE
Page 6 and 7: 9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH ASSESSME
Page 8: 1 Introduction On 15 May 1997 <stro
Page 11 and 12: The President Members 10 Henrik San
Page 13 and 14: Consultants’ reports 12 The sub-c
Page 15 and 16: 14 4 Occurrence of pesticides in <s
Page 17 and 18: The Nationwide Monitoring Programme
Page 19 and 20: Counties analyse samples fr
Page 21 and 22: 20 system. However, the</st
Page 23 and 24: 941 110 22 MB 270 31 13 MB 1281 10
Page 25 and 26: Substance Permitte
Page 27 and 28: 26 The distribution of finds of pes
Page 29: 28 concentrations of up to 11 micro
Page 33 and 34: 32 It will be seen from</st
Page 35 and 36: 34 • The frequency of detection i
Page 37 and 38: 36 Soil water samples containing pe
Page 39 and 40: 38 Bromoxynil 3 n.d. 0.04 54 DNOC 4
Page 41 and 42: 40 concentrations found so far are
Page 43 and 44: 42 mononitrophenols and oth
Page 45 and 46: 44 The main measure used to try to
Page 47 and 48: Models for volatilisation 46 • It
Page 49 and 50: Calculation of the
Page 51 and 52: Processes that remove pesticides <s
Page 53 and 54: 52 atrazine and the</strong
Page 55 and 56: Potential sources of pesticides in
Page 57 and 58: 56 Example 1: IPU dosage 1000 g act
Page 59: 58 completely against future pollut
Page 62 and 63: Exposure of field fauna through tre
Page 64 and 65: Leaf beetles Direct effects of spra
Page 66 and 67: Indirect effects on mammals and bir
Page 68 and 69: Birds are particularly interesting
Page 70 and 71: Importance of headland vegetation t
Page 72 and 73: Effects of pesticides in forestry A
Page 74 and 75: Repeated spraying changes t
Page 76 and 77: Effect on seed production The wild
Page 78 and 79: Impact on the flor
Page 80 and 81:
• The sub-committee recommends mo
Page 82 and 83:
Effects on primary producers The ef
Page 84 and 85:
Effects on amphibians Unlawful use
Page 86 and 87:
concentrations than the</st
Page 88:
The sub-committee recommends more c
Page 91 and 92:
General ergonomic problems Particul
Page 93 and 94:
Tractor accidents Accidents resulti
Page 95 and 96:
The sprayer operator’s exposure t
Page 97 and 98:
Pesticides and cancer 96 th
Page 99 and 100:
Studies of frequency of cancer Repr
Page 101 and 102:
Neurotoxicity Immunotoxicity and se
Page 103 and 104:
Population studies 102 • Long-ter
Page 105 and 106:
Other risk groups
Page 107 and 108:
106 tomat salat kinakål kartofler
Page 109 and 110:
Calculation of pesticide intake <st
Page 111 and 112:
The Danes’ dietary pattern Reduct
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Estimated intake from</stro
Page 115 and 116:
Table 6.4 Estimated pesticide intak
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Variation in daily intake of pestic
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Endosulfan = Endosulfan Methidathio
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Limit values Authorisation of pesti
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Analytical studies: case control st
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Cancer Mechanism behind the
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Neurotoxicity Neurotoxicity in chil
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128 6.2.7 Conclusions There is insu
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130 • It cannot be proven on <str
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132 Danish products. There are big
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134
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Definition of proportionality Heavy
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Tropospheric ozone Veterinary drugs
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140 effect that can be expected per
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Synthetic pesticid
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144 formulations. Therefore, <stron
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International cooperation 146 be il
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Fuzzy Expert model Expert assessmen
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Setting up a gross list with a view
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Better monitoring of the</s
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154 help in the as
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Impact index for the</stron
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Knowledge-building in the</
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160 In relation to the</str
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Uncertainties and variations 162 A
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164 which is fixed at 0.1 microgram
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166 If the risk as
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Prevention of disease in cereal cro
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Prevention of pest attack in agricu
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172 plants whose ability to establi
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Biobeds Municipal environmental sup
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Malt barley and gushing Direct effe
Page 179 and 180:
Effect of soil treatment on wild pl
Page 181 and 182:
Emissions of greenhouse gases 180 p
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Conclusions concerning environmenta
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Conclusions concerning leaching of
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0+-scenario: almost total phase-out
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Scenarios for forests Weath
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Soil Residues in the</stron
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Impact on the fiel
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Earthworms 194 has been carried out
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Assumptions and uncertainties Resul
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Comparison of weed control with and
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Results of calculations with <stron
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202 Scenarier Ingen behandling Plus
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Impacts on the flo
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Results of the mod
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Mechanical weed control 208 Behandl
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The Dane's dietary pattern and dail
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212 11 The sub-committee’s summar
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Conclusion concerning lack of time
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Conclusion concerning impacts on fl
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Conclusions concerning model analys
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Conclusions concerning exposure to
Page 223 and 224:
Conclusion concerning mycotoxins Th
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Ranking with respect to groundwater
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Conclusion concerning emissions of
Page 229 and 230:
Conclusions concerning natural subs
Page 231 and 232:
230 12 References Abell, A., Bonde,
Page 233 and 234:
232 Colborn, T., vom Saal., F.S., S
Page 235 and 236:
234 Eyer, P. (1995). Neuropsychopat
Page 237 and 238:
236 Graae, B.J. (1999). Florest flo
Page 239 and 240:
238 Protection Conference: Pesticid
Page 241 and 242:
240 Lindhardt, B., Sørensen, P.B.,
Page 243 and 244:
242 consumption of fossil energy wi
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244 intoxication. The Pesticide Hea
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246 Underudvalget for Miljø og Sun
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248 Annex 1 Data required for autho
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250 11) Metabolism in animals The s
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252 Annex 2 The general rules for r
Page 255 and 256:
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 25
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256 reasonable and usable system fo
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