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08 THE WILL IN NATURE.
deducted from them tlie incomparably larger share of the
cerebral function, which includes precisely what Locke
calls primary qualities. But all I have done here has
been to show why all this must necessarily be as it is,
by indicating the place occupied by the intellect in the
nexus of Nature, when we start realistically from the
objective as given, but, in doing so, take the only thing of
which we are quite directly conscious, the will that true
TTOV arS) of Metaphysics for our support, as being what
is primarily real, everything else being merely its phe
nomenon. What now follows serves to complete this.
I have mentioned already, that where knowledge takes
place, the motive which appears as representation and the
act of volition resulting from it, remain the more clearly
separated one from the other, the more perfect the intellect ;
that is, the higher we ascend in the scale of beings. This
calls for fuller explanation. As long as the will s activity
is roused by stimuli alone, and no representation as yet
takes place that is, in plants there is no separation at
all between the receiving of impressions and the being
determined by them. In the lowest order of animal in
telligence, such as we find it in radiaria, acalepha,
acephala, &c., the difference is still small ; a feeling of
hunger, a watchfulness roused by this, an apprehending
and snapping at their prey, still constitute the whole con
tent of their consciousness; nevertheless this is the first
twilight of the dawning world as representation, the back
ground of which that is to say, everything excepting the
motive which acts each time still remains shrouded in
impenetrable darkness. Here moreover the organs of the
senses are correspondingly imperfect and incomplete, having
exceedingly few data for perception to bring to an under
standing yet in embryo. Nevertheless wherever there is
sensibility, it is always accompanied by understanding,
i.e. with the faculty for referring effects experienced to