Ciencia para la paz y el desarrollo: el caso del ... - unesdoc - Unesco

Ciencia para la paz y el desarrollo: el caso del Juramento Hipocrático para Científicos
7.
8.
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involvement of human or animal subjects is ethical and essential for carrying out highly
important research.
Abide by laws and regulations that apply to the conduct of science unless to do so would
be unethical and recognize a responsibility to work through societal institutions to change
laws and regulations that conflict with ethics.
Recognize, without penalty, all persons’ rights of conscientious objection to participation
in research that they consider ethically or morally objectionable.
Faithfully transmit this code and the ethical principles upon which it is based to all who
are or may become engaged in the conduct of science.
[85] Juramento Hipocrático para Ciencias de la Vida (2006)
Knowledge of the life sciences is a privilege and with such privilege comes responsibility as the
life sciences can be used for both benign and malign purposes. In entering into the community
of life scientists, I pledge: to be honest, fair and as open as possible in my work: to act with due
skill and diligence in all scientific work to ensure that the agents and equipment used in dangerous
work are kept safe, not knowingly to engage in the development and production of biological
and toxin weapons prohibited by international law, to give consideration to the potentially
negative ramifications of my work, particularly before commencement and prior to publication,
and to contribute to the development of safeguards and oversight mechanisms.
[86] Código de Ética y Juramento para Científicos (2007)
The seven principles are:
1. Act with skill and care, keep skills up to date;
2. Prevent corrupt practice and declare conflicts of interest;
3. Respect and acknowledge the work of other scientists;
4. Ensure that research is justified and lawful;
5. Minimize impacts on people, animals and the environment;
6. Discuss issues science raises for society;
7. Do not mislead; present evidence honestly.
[87] Los 10 Mandamientos para la Educación Superior (2007)
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Strive to tell the truth.
‘Academic freedom’, in the sense of following difficult ideas wherever they may lead, is
possibly the fundamental ‘academic’ value.
Take care in establishing the truth.
Adherence to the scientific method is critical here (as in the use of evidence and ‘falsifiability’
principle), but so too is the concept of social scientific ‘warrant’ and the search
for ‘authenticity’ in the humanities and arts (leading, in particular, to concerns about
rhetoric and persuasion independently of the grounds for conviction).
Be fair.
This is about equality of opportunity, non-discrimination and perhaps even affirmative
action. As has been pointed out, along with ‘freedom’ in the academic value-system goes
‘respect for persons’.
Always be ready to explain.
Academic freedom is a ‘first amendment’ and not a ‘fifth amendment’ right; it is about
freedom of speech and not about protection from self-incrimination. It does not absolve
108 Estudios y documentos de política científica de América Latina y el Caribe. Vol. 2.