Tendencias y factores asociados al consumo de tabaco en los ...
Tendencias y factores asociados al consumo de tabaco en los ...
Tendencias y factores asociados al consumo de tabaco en los ...
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62Primer informe sobre el combate <strong>al</strong> tabaquismoinicio <strong>de</strong> <strong>consumo</strong> <strong>de</strong> cigarril<strong>los</strong>. Esta <strong>de</strong>p<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>ncia aum<strong>en</strong>ta el peligro <strong>de</strong> persistir<strong>en</strong> el hábito tabáquico. 45 En EUA se observó un increm<strong>en</strong>to significativo <strong>en</strong> elriesgo <strong>de</strong> iniciar el <strong>consumo</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>tabaco</strong> <strong>en</strong>tre personas con un bajo nivel socioeconómico.Durante la infancia, esta situación eleva el riesgo <strong>de</strong> convertirse<strong>en</strong> un fumador regular, y está asociada a una reducida posibilidad <strong>de</strong> cesación.La progresión <strong>al</strong> <strong>consumo</strong> regular <strong>de</strong> <strong>tabaco</strong> y a la persist<strong>en</strong>cia también se <strong>en</strong>cu<strong>en</strong>tranasociadas con un bajo nivel socioeconómico <strong>en</strong> la edad adulta. 46ConclusionesEn <strong>los</strong> países <strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong>sarrollo, como es el caso <strong>de</strong> México, el <strong>consumo</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>tabaco</strong> seincrem<strong>en</strong>ta cada vez más <strong>en</strong>tre <strong>los</strong> adolesc<strong>en</strong>tes y <strong>los</strong> adultos jóv<strong>en</strong>es, y existeuna clara interacción <strong>en</strong>tre el <strong>consumo</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>tabaco</strong> y <strong>al</strong>cohol <strong>en</strong> función <strong>de</strong> unelevado nivel socioeconómico, un bajo <strong>de</strong>sempeño escolar y el <strong>consumo</strong> <strong>de</strong> drogasileg<strong>al</strong>es. Por esta razón, cu<strong>al</strong>quier iniciativa que se <strong>de</strong>sarrolle para <strong>de</strong>s<strong>al</strong><strong>en</strong>tarel <strong>consumo</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>tabaco</strong> <strong>de</strong>berá ser planteada <strong>en</strong> forma integr<strong>al</strong> y ser difer<strong>en</strong>ci<strong>al</strong>m<strong>en</strong>teejercida <strong>en</strong> el ámbito escolar, acor<strong>de</strong> con patrones <strong>de</strong> riesgo relacionadoscon el <strong>de</strong>sempeño escolar y el nivel socioeconómico, así como con el control <strong>de</strong>sustancias ilícitas.Refer<strong>en</strong>cias1. Williams G, Cox E, Koui<strong>de</strong>s R, Deci E. Pres<strong>en</strong>ting the facts about smoking toadolesc<strong>en</strong>ts. Effects of an autonomy-supportive style. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med1999;153:959-964.2. Tapia R, Kuri P, M<strong>en</strong>eses F. 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