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ABSTRACT BRANDESPIM, F. B. Physico-chemical and cellular characteristics on milk secretion of Saanen goats during the mammary gland drying off. [Características fisico-químicas e celulares na secreção láctea de caprinos da raça Saanen durante o processo de secagem da glândula mamária]. 2007. 157f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária) - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2007. To evaluate the influence of the mammary gland drying off on the physiochemical and cellular characteristics in the milk secretion they were appraised 216 coming samples of 27 mammary glands of 15 Saanen goats considered healthy, those mammas were separate in agreement with the result of the microbiological test of the milky secretion characterizing two groups: one with 17 mammas without bacterial isolation and other with 10 mammas that presented positive bacterial isolation. Starting from the day of the interruption of the milking and in more seven moments (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 30 days after the beginning of the drying off) it was made the inspection and palpation of the mammary glands with subsequent evaluation of the aspect of the milky secretion. Immediately after the exam they were picked samples of milk for the accomplishment of the microbiological test and of the determinations of the physiochemical and cellular characteristics (pH, electrical conductance, chloride, lactose, proteins, fat, total solids, chloride/lactose ratio, California Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cell count). The mammary glands presented its largest distention in the third day after the milking interruption, same period in that was possible to observe the edema emergence in the teats base and in the whole gland, that disappeared after the fifth day, when involution of the udder begins and the frequency of distended mammas began to refuse, and at the end of the process 37,04% of the observed mammas they were classified as no distended. The initial milky secretion with aspect of milk was substituted at first for one of coloration cream clear and, so late, for one of aqueous aspect, and in the end of the process those two last they were more observed that the secretion with aspect of milk. Just the pH, electrical conductance, chloride, lactose, proteins and chloride/lactose ratio suffered a significant influence of the drying off, and the values of the pH, electrical conductance, chloride, proteins and chloride/lactose ratio increased and the lactose values refused. CMT also suffered an influence of the drying off, more specifically the answers "lines" and "two crosses." These, in a general way, increased in elapsing of the drying off, and in the last
moment studied it happened a fall in the frequency of the answer "lines" and the frequency of the answer "two crosses" had a small decrease in the middle of the process. It was still observed that in spite of significant statistical differences exist among values of the physiochemical and cellular characteristics of the samples of milky secretion with isolation and without bacterial isolation, the differences are punctual and limited to some studied characteristics, disabling to affirm that the process of drying of the two groups differs in a significant way. Key-words: Goats. Drying off (process). Physico-chemical (characteristics). Animal mammary gland. . Somatic cells.
Page 2 and 3: FLÁVIO BRACALE BRANDESPIM Caracter
Page 4: Autorizo a reprodução parcial ou
Page 7 and 8: Dedico esta dissertação à minha
Page 9 and 10: À Profa. Dra. Alice Della Libera p
Page 11 and 12: “Viver é a coisa mais rara do mu
Page 13: “traços” e “duas cruzes”.
Page 17 and 18: LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 2.1 - Grupo
Page 19 and 20: Gráfico 4.8 - Avaliação da influ
Page 21 and 22: Gráfico 4.22 - Avaliação da infl
Page 23 and 24: Tabela 4.6 - Média, desvio padrão
Page 25 and 26: Tabela 4.18 - Valores de lactose (e
Page 27 and 28: LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS cap.
Page 29 and 30: % porcentagem µ micro K kapa Β be
Page 31 and 32: 3.1 Considerações gerais.........
Page 33 and 34: proteína da secreção láctea....
Page 35 and 36: 1 INTRODUÇÃO A cabra foi um dos p
Page 37 and 38: Apesar da grande maioria dos caprin
Page 39 and 40: Danés (200_?) alertou para a neces
Page 41 and 42: 2 REVISÃO DE LITERATURA A revisão
Page 43 and 44: Apesar da existência da cisterna (
Page 45 and 46: 2.3 Fisiologia da glândula mamári
Page 47 and 48: mama determinava diminuição da pr
Page 49 and 50: Ainda sobre o processo de involuç
Page 51 and 52: lactoferrina permanecem elevadas, p
Page 53 and 54: Segundo Birgel (2004), a secreção
Page 55 and 56: 2.4.3 Cloretos Nos processos inflam
Page 57 and 58: Leitner, Merin e Silanikove (2004),
Page 59 and 60: Ao analisar características físic
Page 61 and 62: encontraram uma média de 3,74% (3,
Page 63 and 64: já foram conduzidas sobre o assunt
Page 65 and 66:
lactação, a concentração dos co
Page 67 and 68:
3 MATERIAIS E MÉTODO 3.1 Considera
Page 69 and 70:
3.3 Manejo dos animais Durante a da
Page 71 and 72:
observação da ocorrência de eje
Page 73 and 74:
automaticamente, no visor digital d
Page 75 and 76:
(FATEC ® ) e a mistura foi homogen
Page 77 and 78:
4 RESULTADOS 4.1 Avaliação do exa
Page 79 and 80:
Tabela 4.1 - Resultados obtidos na
Page 81 and 82:
Gráfico 4.2 - Influência do proce
Page 83 and 84:
4.1.3 Avaliação da influência do
Page 85 and 86:
Tabela 4.3 - Resultados obtidos na
Page 87 and 88:
Gráfico 4.4 - Influência do proce
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
estatisticamente maiores do que os
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
encontrados no décimo (2,98±1,06g
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
a - letras não coincidentes signif
Page 101 and 102:
seco, iguais a 4,47±1,40g/dl e 5,2
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
a - letras não coincidentes signif
Page 107 and 108:
4.2.10 Avaliação da influência d
Page 109 and 110:
4.3 Avaliação da influência da p
Page 111 and 112:
Gráfico 4.15 - Avaliação da infl
Page 113 and 114:
Gráfico 4.16 - Avaliação da infl
Page 115 and 116:
isolamento de bactérias (respectiv
Page 117 and 118:
Na comparação entre os grupos exp
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Tabela 4.20 - Valores de gordura (e
Page 123 and 124:
Tabela 4.21 - Valores de proteína
Page 125 and 126:
Tabela 4.22 - Valores de sólidos t
Page 127 and 128:
Tabela 4.23 - Valores do número de
Page 129 and 130:
Gráfico 4.24 - Ocorrência dos res
Page 131 and 132:
Tabela 4.25 - Freqüências das rea
Page 133 and 134:
5 DISCUSSÃO Até hoje foram poucos
Page 135 and 136:
sendo que nas cabras esse aumento f
Page 137 and 138:
CHORNOBAI 2 , 1998 apud TORII et al
Page 139 and 140:
problema, porém todos fizeram ress
Page 141 and 142:
secreção láctea havia sido reabs
Page 143 and 144:
5.3 Influência do isolamento bacte
Page 145 and 146:
com isolamento bacteriano apresenta
Page 147 and 148:
6 CONCLUSÕES 1) A partir do moment
Page 149 and 150:
24,13%; gordura entre 2,07g/dl e 3,
Page 151 and 152:
BIRGEL, E. H. Avaliação das prova
Page 153 and 154:
FERNANDES, M. A. Avaliação das ca
Page 155 and 156:
LEITNER, G.; MERIN, U.; SILANIKOVE,
Page 157 and 158:
RYAN, D. P.; GREENWOOD, P. L.; NICH
Page 159:
ZEDER, M. A.; HESSE. B. The initial
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