Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psycholinguistic, and Cross ...

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CHAPTER 2. A FRAME SEMANTIC ANALYSIS 94 usually expressed as an NP or an AP. seer comes to regard seen as an instance of cate- gory, a fact which is not immediately obvious. classify can be considered as related to recognize and condition. The choice of classify rather than either of these creates a scalar implicature that the seer's belief is at least a matter of opinion and possibly not true, as in Ex. (51-c) vs. the much stronger Ex. (51-b). This sense is semantically very similar to regard X as Y, or view X as Y, but the syntactic patterns are di erent for each word (cf. Ex. (10) on page 50). Some of the same forms can also be used to express the e ects of an optical illusion (Ex. (51-a)). There are also sentences of the pattern see X as Y which mean something like `at the time when he/she/it was/will be' (e.g. Ex. (51-d)). Distinguishing these cases, which should probably be classi ed as condition, from occurrences of classify will almost certainly require inferencing based on knowledge of the world. For more discussion of the valence alternations, see Levin (1993:181-2) on Appoint Verbs, including consider (which hardly belongs there semantically), and Characterize Verbs, including regard and see. Sense EXPERIENCE service as see experience
CHAPTER 2. A FRAME SEMANTIC ANALYSIS 95 Frame service as type event roles: 2 3 Undergoer 6 phys obj 7 6 7 6 6Service 7 4 5 Role val: 8 lexm use _ service _ action _ combat _ duty >< 2 6 4 >: 3 2 role Service7 5, pt NP role Role 3 6 7 4 5 pt PP[as] _ DNI 8 9 lexm >< 2 6role 4 pt >: use _ service _ action _ combat _ duty 2 3 3 >= role Role 6 7 Service7 6 7 5, 6 6gf mod 7 NP 4 5 >; pt AjP _ N This frame appears in \undergoer BE in service (as role)", \put undergoer in service (as role)", and \undergoer's service (as role)", as well as experience. There is clearly a further generalization be made to include the corresponding verbs (use undergoer as role, andundergoer act/serve as role), but it is omitted here, as not directly relevant tosee. DNI for role is very common, and adjuncts of place and time frequently provide the context allowing the inference required for this omission, e.g. The aircraft was in action in the Gulf War i.e., ying combat missions, as a combat plane. Each of the lexemes for the service role is subtly di erent. The word combat itself partially or completely incorporates the role, and is equivalent tosaying \service as a combatant". The second valence set covers expressions such asmilitary service, civilian use, andsea duty. 9 >= >;
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Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psy
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Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psy
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Next three psycholinguistic experim
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BasicSenses........................
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Acknowledgements Careful citations
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acquisition. Aside from needing to
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Chapter 1 Introduction Xue er bu s,
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 3 In lingui
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 5 Although
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 7 part on t
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 9 is not cl
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 11 1980:10-
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 13 L.U. Lex
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 15 spondenc
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 17 happy an
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 19 shows th
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 21 Regular
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 23 base for
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 25 d. The i
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 27 (12) a.
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 29 linguist
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 31 Introspe
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 33 on the o
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 35 they con
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 37 meaning
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Chapter 2 A Frame Semantic Analysis
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CHAPTER 2. A FRAME SEMANTIC ANALYSI
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CHAPTER 5. WHAT THE DICTIONARIES SA
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CHAPTER 6. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIO
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 Bierwisch, Manfred
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 241 ||, & B.T.S. Atkin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 243 ||. 1990. The inva
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 245 Osgood, C.E. 1970.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 247 Wasow, Thomas. 198
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Appendix A Additional Corpus Exampl
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APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL CORPUS EXAMP
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APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL CORPUS EXAMP
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APPENDIX B. SUMMARY OF MORPHOLOGY A
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APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENT 1 257 Recogn
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APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENT 1 259 to lea
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APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENT 1 261 At the
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Appendix D Stimuli for Experiments
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APPENDIX D. STIMULI FOR EXPERIMENTS
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Index activation, 13, 136, 137, 231
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INDEX 277 description, 82 see proce
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INDEX 279 173{178, 186, 190{192, 20
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