Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psycholinguistic, and Cross ...

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CHAPTER 5. WHAT THE DICTIONARIES SAY 208 1. a basic sense (eye) translated miru 2. a social sense like visit, translated au, 3. a sense characterized as \understand" in English and wakaru in Japanese, which can be used for our sense recognize, but is probably more frequent in the discourse sense, 4. a \cognition" sense translated by kangaeru `think, consider', which is usually closer to our sense recognize or classify than to imagine, 5. a sense translated by tashikameru. The Toei dictionary uses the English guide word ascertain, which is better because it is unambiguous, as opposed to the guide word in the Yohan dictionary, make sure, which isambiguous between determine and ensure. Although both dictionaries are very small, both cover most of the basic senses of the English word see, and both give the most common Japanese equivalents. The Yohan is preferable, because it adds the senses experience and ensure, in addition to giving two English translations for wakaru, one of them extremely common in ordinary discourse. The second translation for her sense eye in the Toei is also misleading, meaning something more like `stare at' than see. A language learner would be better o most of the time with the Yohan dictionary; only at a fairly advanced stage would one need to consult the Kenkyusha, except that many of the collocations listed in the Kenkyusha will be encountered even by intermediate students. As we have noted previously in regard to other languages, neither small dictionary distinguishes transitive from intransitive uses, which is a blessing in disguise. Otherwise, the sense divisions given in the Yohan agree rather well with those in the Kenkyusha. 5.7 Analysis English-English Comparisons of Entry Structure Table 5.2 on page 210 shows a summary of sense divisions for the four monolingual English dictionaries we have examined. The numbers and letters in the cells refer to the sense divisions (and, in the case of the W3NI, subdivisions) used in printing the texts in
CHAPTER 5. WHAT THE DICTIONARIES SAY 209 this chapter. There are only three senses distinguished by all four, eye, accompany, and visit, but another three senses are distinguished by at least three of the four, recognize, determine, andensure. All of these six are among those I have called \basic senses", although it could be argued that accompany is less basic, being much more specialized. W3NI distinguishes sharply between transitive and intransitive uses, but none of the smaller dictionaries have the space to do this. This prevents them from recognizing a sense faculty, but saves them from splitting several of our senses, as W3NI does. None of the dictionaries, not even the much larger W3NI, distinguishes among recognize, con- dition and process. Nor does W3NI distinguish between envision and hallucinate, despite discussing envision in three places. Overall, the agreement between the smaller dictionaries and our sense divisions is reasonably good, but the organization of the entry in the W3NI is quite di erent.
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Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psy
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Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psy
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Next three psycholinguistic experim
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BasicSenses........................
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Acknowledgements Careful citations
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acquisition. Aside from needing to
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Chapter 1 Introduction Xue er bu s,
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 3 In lingui
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 5 Although
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 13 L.U. Lex
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 21 Regular
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 27 (12) a.
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 29 linguist
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 37 meaning
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Chapter 2 A Frame Semantic Analysis
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CHAPTER 2. A FRAME SEMANTIC ANALYSI
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Chapter 3 Other Cognitive Approache
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CHAPTER 3. OTHER COGNITIVE APPROACH
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Semantics of Seer entity setting ph
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Page 251 and 252: BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 Bierwisch, Manfred
Page 253 and 254: BIBLIOGRAPHY 241 ||, & B.T.S. Atkin
Page 255 and 256: BIBLIOGRAPHY 243 ||. 1990. The inva
Page 257 and 258: BIBLIOGRAPHY 245 Osgood, C.E. 1970.
Page 259 and 260: BIBLIOGRAPHY 247 Wasow, Thomas. 198
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Appendix D Stimuli for Experiments
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APPENDIX D. STIMULI FOR EXPERIMENTS
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Index activation, 13, 136, 137, 231
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INDEX 277 description, 82 see proce
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INDEX 279 173{178, 186, 190{192, 20
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