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Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psycholinguistic, and Cross ...

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CHAPTER 2. A FRAME SEMANTIC ANALYSIS 75<br />

Sense DETERMINE<br />

ascertain<br />

see determine<br />

<strong>Frame</strong> ascertain<br />

aktionsart accomplishment<br />

type event<br />

roles:<br />

val:<br />

2<br />

3<br />

6Cognizersentient7<br />

4<br />

5<br />

Factssoa 82<br />

39<br />

><<br />

>=<br />

6role<br />

Facts<br />

7<br />

4<br />

5<br />

>:<br />

>;<br />

pt S n _ NP _ IndQn<br />

Some words that use the ascertain frame are: ascertain, discover, learn. The<br />

cognizer comes to know the facts of the situation. 11<br />

11 The careful reader will have noticed a substantial overlap between the ascertain frame <strong>and</strong> the cognition<br />

inchoative frame, not only in the formal notation, but also in the list of words that use the two frames.<br />

Both involve a cognizer <strong>and</strong> a content <strong>and</strong> inchoative cognition. Nevertheless, we need to distinguish<br />

ascertain because it is volitional, involving the seer's intention to learn something. There is also a complex<br />

relation between the possible syntactic realizations of the facts, factivity, <strong>and</strong>various readings of indirect<br />

questions, but these also involve other verbs of cognition <strong>and</strong> communication, <strong>and</strong> would take us too far<br />

a eld.

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