Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psycholinguistic, and Cross ...

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CHAPTER 2. A FRAME SEMANTIC ANALYSIS 110 area of the brain. We recognize friends almost instantly, with no conscious processing, yet most people have di culty in describing even very familiar faces accurately. We simply don't know what cues we are using to recognize our friends. 2.8 Conclusions I hope that the reader has been convinced of the original premises of this chapter, that see is highly polysemous and that most of the various senses of see are related to each other in ways that are motivated, if not wholly predictable. The Frame Semantic representation allows us to express clearly the relation of the senses to each other and to other lexical items, especially verbs of perception and cognition.
Chapter 3 Other Cognitive Approaches 3.1 Introduction Although the Frame Semantic analysis of the uses of see given in Chapter 2 allows us to make many useful generalizations about the relations among the participants in various situations which we talk about using the word see, there are some points which are handled in a somewhat unsatisfactory fashion. In particular, the use of the feature irrealis as part of the semantics of envision and hallucinate doesn't really tell us everything we need to know about these senses, and this feature appears only with regard to these two senses|we are left with just the stipulation that all the other senses are realis by default. Another way of explaining the relation between perception and cognition in the event structure of the various senses is to represent the semantics of the seen in terms of Fauconnier's (1985 [1994]) mental spaces. This approach is complementary to Frame Semantics; as Lako & Sweetser (1985:x-xi) point out, Idealized Cognitive Models or frames can be used to express conceptual structure (relations among roles), while mental spaces can be used to express referential structure (relations between roles and their llers). 1 In this chapter, I will show how a mental spaces notation can express and clarify the relations among some of the senses de ned in the previous chapter (only those senses where mental spaces seems to reveal something substantive will be discussed). I will also 1 I am using the term \referential structure" in a very broad sense here. The llers may themselves be frames, as in Weddings always make me cry, where the whole wedding event is the cause of the tears. The llers may also be mappings, as in His description of his job history was less than truthful, which describes a relationship of \inequality" between two mappings (descriptions) from actual events in his past, an idealized (truthful) one and the one \he" gave. Mental spaces can also be used to represent these sorts of \meta-referential" mappings, but I will not discuss them here. 111
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Next three psycholinguistic experim
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BasicSenses........................
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Acknowledgements Careful citations
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acquisition. Aside from needing to
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Chapter 1 Introduction Xue er bu s,
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 3 In lingui
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 29 linguist
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CHAPTER 6. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIO
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 Bierwisch, Manfred
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 241 ||, & B.T.S. Atkin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 243 ||. 1990. The inva
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 245 Osgood, C.E. 1970.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 247 Wasow, Thomas. 198
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Appendix A Additional Corpus Exampl
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APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL CORPUS EXAMP
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APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL CORPUS EXAMP
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APPENDIX B. SUMMARY OF MORPHOLOGY A
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APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENT 1 257 Recogn
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APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENT 1 259 to lea
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Appendix D Stimuli for Experiments
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APPENDIX D. STIMULI FOR EXPERIMENTS
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Index activation, 13, 136, 137, 231
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INDEX 277 description, 82 see proce
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INDEX 279 173{178, 186, 190{192, 20
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