Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psycholinguistic, and Cross ...

CHAPTER 3. OTHER COGNITIVE APPROACHES 115
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elephants’
Figure 3.3: hallucinate (\Deceived")
elephants’’
envision is related to hallucinate in that there is no transfer of the structure of
the conceptual space back to base space, but it can occur either when the seer really has a
mental image or when the seer has no such mental image. For example, in Sandy sees lots
of problems, the problems may ormay not be the sorts of which a visual image can exist.
If they are of the sort can be pictured \in the mind's eye" (e.g. envisioning problems in a
garden, or with the design of a house), we would have a mental space diagram like Fig. 3.3;
if the problems are more abstract, we will have structures only in the conceptual space, as
shown in Fig. 3.4.
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problems
Figure 3.4: envision: Sandy sees lots of problems.
Now consider the sense recognize as in She saw that nothing would change his
mind about it. Here the focus or foreground is the conceptual space. The seen is abstract,
and there is no implication that the concept is based upon any kind of visual perception.
There is nothing to block the transfer of entities and relations back to base space, but there
is some question about the existence of a anything in (visual) perceptual space. Since the
conclusion is presumably based on some sort of evidence, we can set up a more general
\evidence" space (represented by a dashed circle marked \E" in the diagram), with some
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