Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psycholinguistic, and Cross ...

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CHAPTER 4. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC EXPERIMENTS 144 distribution of the senses in naturally occurring texts. On the other hand, many ofthe corpus examples were ambiguous, which made the task more di cult for the subjects and added noise to our results. Also, the very uneven distribution of the senses meant that we had more data than we needed on eye and too little data to draw conclusions about many of the less common senses. Furthermore, the tasks used in Experiment 1were both o -line, metalinguistic judgements; we and others to whom we reported our ndings had doubts as to whether the distinctions that subjects made in these tasks were relevant to on-line sentence processing. At the same time, as a result of continuing linguistic analysis, we had revised and expanded the list of senses from 19 to 23 senses and 9 collocations (names and examples are given in Sections 2.3 and 2.6). Some of what we had called senses in Experiment 1were reclassi ed as collocations, since they involve the presence of other speci c words; among these are: see x through, see through x, andlet's see. On the other hand, senses such asaccompany, although \idiomatic", place semantic restrictions on their comple- ments, but do not require any speci c syntax, (I'll see you as far as the bus stop, I'll see you home, I'll see you to your door). It was therefore decided to construct a new experiment which would contain only examples of seven clearcut senses which should be relatively easy to distinguish from each other. Two online tasks were also added to the sorting and classi cation tasks, to help us investigate possible di erences between o -line and on-line processing. The names (keywords) for the 14 senses used in the remaining experiments are shown (in alphabetical order) in Table 4.2 on the next page for convenience, as they will be used hereafter without further explanation. 4.3 Experiment 2 Method Subjects ment 1. Subjects were 21 UC Berkeley undergraduates with quali cations as in Experi
CHAPTER 4. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC EXPERIMENTS 145 Keyword Example accompany He saw her home. condition She saw him happy atlast. consult You should see the doctor. determine I'll see if I can open the jar. ensure I'll see to it that he's on time. envision I just can't see living in Podunk all my life. experience The freighter saw use as a troop carrier in the war. eye She saw him through the window of the train. faculty She doesn't see as well as she used to. hallucinate He saw stars for a few minutes after hitting his head. process He saw her dancing with the football hero. recognize She saw thathewas working too much. setting The 1960s saw a construction boom in Japan. visit Ihaven't seen my sister since Christmas. Materials Table 4.2: Names of Senses used in Experiments 2 and 3 The seven senses chosen for this experiment were: eye, faculty, recognize, determine, ensure, experience, andsetting. Example sentences were constructed for each of the seven senses, systematically varying other factors such as tense and aspect, question vs. statement, negation, voice, and domain of discourse. (The three broad domains of discourse were \academic", \personal", and \entertainment".) In practice not all combinations of these factors produced reasonable sentences, but as many as possible were created. Appendix D contains the entire set of stimuli used in Experiments 2 and 3. Task 1: Sorting The instructions were the same as those in Experiment 1, except that subjects were also asked to choose the sentence which best exempli ed each sense and to place it on the top of the pile at the end of the hour. Task 2: Classi cation The method was the same as that used in Experiment 1, except that a thoroughly randomized order of presentation was used both for stimuli and for the list of senses, to
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Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psy
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Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psy
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Next three psycholinguistic experim
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BasicSenses........................
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Acknowledgements Careful citations
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acquisition. Aside from needing to
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Chapter 1 Introduction Xue er bu s,
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 3 In lingui
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 13 L.U. Lex
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 15 spondenc
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 21 Regular
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 23 base for
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 25 d. The i
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 27 (12) a.
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 29 linguist
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 31 Introspe
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 33 on the o
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 35 they con
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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 37 meaning
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Chapter 2 A Frame Semantic Analysis
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CHAPTER 2. A FRAME SEMANTIC ANALYSI
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CHAPTER 6. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIO
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 Bierwisch, Manfred
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 241 ||, & B.T.S. Atkin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 243 ||. 1990. The inva
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 245 Osgood, C.E. 1970.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 247 Wasow, Thomas. 198
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Appendix A Additional Corpus Exampl
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APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL CORPUS EXAMP
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APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL CORPUS EXAMP
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APPENDIX B. SUMMARY OF MORPHOLOGY A
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APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENT 1 257 Recogn
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APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENT 1 259 to lea
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APPENDIX C. EXPERIMENT 1 261 At the
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Appendix D Stimuli for Experiments
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APPENDIX D. STIMULI FOR EXPERIMENTS
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Index activation, 13, 136, 137, 231
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INDEX 277 description, 82 see proce
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INDEX 279 173{178, 186, 190{192, 20
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