Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psycholinguistic, and Cross ...

CHAPTER 4. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC EXPERIMENTS 157
sight, but altered or not real (maybe a subsection of the other sight category)
seeing stu in your mind; things that don't actually exist
possible hallucinations
look at (imaginary)
to perceive imaginary objects, colors, etc
hallucinate
imagine a stimulus, involuntarily
seeing something not really there; inside your head or imagining an image
to hallucinate visual image. to visualize something that seems real only to you
because it is in your mind
visual delusions
hallucination; create/picture an image not really there
internal physical perception, internal cognitive (distorted), (hallucination), (use of
imagination)
visual (unreal); hallucinations
Table 4.8: Subjects' de nitions for hallucinate
The categorization in the rest of the table is remarkably clearcut, but let us discuss
the 19 cases of intended hallucinate which were classi ed as eye. This should in principle
bearelatively clear-cut distinction, between seeing a physical object and seeing \something
that is not there". In fact, 13 of the 39 subjects spontaneously listed senses in the sorting
task that clearly refer to our sense hallucinate, asshown by their own de nitions in
Table 4.8. On the other hand, seeing hallucinations can be thought of as a kind of physical
visual experience, in which the physical source (the stimulus) is inside the the body of the
perceiver. (To delve any further into the actual cause of hallucinations would lead us into
clearly non-linguistic questions about neurology and mental illness.) Thus, in Chapter 2,
we treated hallucinate as a composition of eye and an irrealis seen.
The 19 instances of intended hallucinate which were classi ed as eye arise from
the 6 sentences shown in Table 4.9 on page 159. As the table indicates, all of these examples
were usually classi ed as hallucinate, and the 19 instances of eye donotseemtobepart
of a regular pattern. Furthermore, the highest proportion of eye responses is found in the
rst sentence, which is also inherently problematic, since spots in front of your eyes can
sometimes refer to \ oaters" (loose blood cells in the vitreous humor), and sometimes result
from low blood pressure or low blood sugar, all of them physical causes with which people
are generally familiar.
As in Experiment 2, agreement among subjects on the Classi cation task was