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2344 J. Med. Plants Res. 0 200 400 600 Concentration (µg/ml) T. violacea oil BHT Vitamin C Figure 2. Scavenging effects of oil extracts from rhizomes of T. violacea, vitamin C and BHT on nitric oxide radical. Table 2. Comparison of 50% effective inhibitory concentration for nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation of oil extract of rhizomes of T. violacea. Extract Nitric oxide inhibition EC50 (µg/ml) LP inhibition EC50 (µg/ml) OTV 180.0 192.3 BHT 115.0 138 AA 134.0 100 OTV represent oil extract of Tulbaghia violacea. BHT represents, AA represent ascorbic acid. LP inhibition EC50 represents concentration of oil extract for 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation (%) Inhibition of nitric oxide radical (%) T. violacea oil Vitamin C Figure 3. Scavenging effects of oil extracts from rhizomes of T. violacea, vitamin C and BHT on lipid peroxidation. Concentration (µg/ml) (Yerra et al., 2005) however, the value is higher when results of the investigations revealed that oil extract of compared with the standard (BHT 0 and AA) (Table 200 2). The 400 rhizome of 600 T. violacea had potent lipid peroxidation BHT
% Mortality Concentration (µg/ml) T. violacea oil BHT Vitamin C Figure 4. Ferric reducing power of oil extracts from rhizomes of T. violacea, vitamin C and BHT. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 y = 5.681x - 18.29 R² = 0.968 0 0 5 200 10 15400 20 600 25 Log Conc. (µg/ml) % Mortality Linear (% Mortality) Figure 5. Determination of LC50 of essential oil of rhizome of T. violaceae against brine shrimps nauplii. inhibition activity. Although, phytochemical evaluation was not assessed in this study, other group of workers who has work on other members of Alliaceae species (onion and garlic) has reported that the observed inhibition of lipid peroxidation and radical scavenging activities might be due to the phenolic contents (Nuutila et al., 2003). Reducing power of the extract Absorbance (700 nm) Mortality (%) The antioxidant potentials of the oil extract was estimated from their ability to reduce Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ . This was observed from yellow colour of the test solution that changed to various shades of green and blue depending on the concentration of the plant extracts. The reducing power of the oil of T. violacea and the reference compounds increased with increasing concentration (Figure 4). In addition, the reducing value of the oil extract was significantly lower than that of BHT and ascorbic acids, used as reference compounds in this study (Figure 4). As the concentration of the oil extract increases, the reducing Olorunnisola et al. 2345 power assay absorbance also increased. This observation follow similar trend reported for garlic oil extracts (Reena and Kapil, 2011). The reducing properties of the oil might be due to the presence of reductones (Saha et al., 2008). From the previous results and discussion it can be concluded that the oil extract of rhizome of T. violacea possesses the potent antioxidant substances which may be responsible for its anti-inflammatory and chemoprotective mechanism as well as justify the basis of using this plant’s extract as folkloric remedies. Cytotoxic activity in brine shrimps bioassay Brine shrimp lethality assay is frequently used as model system to measure cytotoxic effects of variety of toxic substances and plant extracts against brine shrimps nauplii (Morshed et al., 2011). The method provides a simple and inexpensive screening test for cytotoxic compounds and possesses the advantages of requiring only small amounts (0.6 mg) of compounds for investigation. The LC50 (12. 59 µg/ml) value (Figure 5) obtained in
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
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Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
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Table 1. Identification of main pea
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Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
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active component study, many invest
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and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
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Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
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Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
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and it has been traced to South Ame
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Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
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emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
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known fatty acids and terpenoids we
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Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
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Al-Radahe et al. 2271 Figure 3.nnnn
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namely disruption of the vascular e
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Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
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β-carotene were purchased from Sig
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Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
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Table 3. Climatic and soil factors
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content of polysaccharides. Phospha
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Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
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Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
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Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
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Page 71 and 72: Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
Page 75 and 76: Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Termin
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5. T. catappa Linn. (Combret
Page 79 and 80: Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
Page 81 and 82: Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
Page 85 and 86: Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
Page 87 and 88: Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
Page 97 and 98: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
Page 99 and 100: Figure 1. The first page of the boo
Page 101 and 102: Figure 3. The most widely included
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
Page 105 and 106: Table 1. List of plants included in
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
Page 109 and 110: Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
Page 111 and 112: 14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
Page 113 and 114: Academy of Science Publishing House
Page 115 and 116: et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
Page 117: DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
Page 121 and 122: information on plants used for the
Page 123 and 124: Table 1. Levels of independent vari
Page 125 and 126: Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
Page 129 and 130: Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
Page 131 and 132: Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
Page 135 and 136: Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
Page 137 and 138: Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
Page 141 and 142: Table 1. Chemical composition of es
Page 143 and 144: Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
Page 145 and 146: Table 3. Correlation matrix (number
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Precision test. extraction
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2. Effect of different alcoh
Page 153 and 154: Table 6. Results of ANOVA. Nie et a
Page 157 and 158: Table 2. Plant data and MIC values
Page 159 and 160: exhibiting the polar extracts of P.
Page 161 and 162: Table 3. Contd. AcOEt ++ ++ ++ - Me
Page 163 and 164: Figure 1. Map of Ladakh region of I
Page 165 and 166: Warghat et al. 2391 Table 3. Summar
Page 167 and 168: Table 5. Inter-Population genetic i
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Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM
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ice residue is an ideal raw materia
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DPPH• scavenging ratio(%) OD valu
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scavenging effect on free radical a
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our new CL system. Fenton reaction
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1 2 Time (s) Figure 2. Kinetic curv
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Wong et al., 2006). It can be seen
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Pan YM, Liang Y, Wang HS, Liang M (
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2422 J. Med. Plants Res. close cano
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2424 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. M
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2426 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. C
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2432 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. D
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2434 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 6. T
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2436 J. Med. Plants Res. budget dur
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2440 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. R
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2442 J. Med. Plants Res. Stability
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2444 J. Med. Plants Res. production
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2446 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 2.
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2450 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. A
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2452 J. Med. Plants Res. Ghasemi Pi
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2454 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. I
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2456 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. M
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2460 J. Med. Plants Res. Department
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2462 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. E
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2466 J. Med. Plants Res. AOAC (2000
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2470 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. F
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2472 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. S
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2480 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. W
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2486 J. Med. Plants Res. components
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2490 J. Med. Plants Res. Inhibition
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2494 J. Med. Plants Res. can increa
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2500 J. Med. Plants Res. Flowering
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2502 J. Med. Plants Res. harvest in
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2512 J. Med. Plants Res. over-expre
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2516 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. P
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2524 J. Med. Plants Res. ACKNOWLEDG
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
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