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2264 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. Cytotoxic and antiviral activity of Brazilian plant extracts against bovine (BoHV-1) and suid (SuHV-1) herpesviruses type 1. Species MNCC (g/ml) Antiviral activity SuHV-1 BoHV-1 Bauhinia blakeana 1000 + - Begonia fruticosa 250 - - Bumelia sertorum 250 + + Cassia ferruginea 31.25 - - Chenopodium ambrosioides 250 - - Citrus limon 250 - - Coffea arabica 250 + + Endopleura uchi 250 + + Ficus enormis 250 - - Impatiens walleriana 62.5 - - Leandra purpurensis 125 + + Ligustrum lucidum 500 - - Morus nigra 500 - - Origanum vulgare 62.5 + - Pittosporum undulatum 31.2 - - Plectranthus barbatus 125 - - Potomorphe umbellata 500 - - Prunus myrtifolia 1000 - + Psidium cattleyanum 62.5 + + Rhynchelytrum repens 62.5 - Ricinus communis 250 + - Solidago chenesis 7.8 - - Symphyopappus compresses 1000 - + Tabebuia impetiginosa 250 - - Tibouchina granulosa 15.62 - - Tibouchina mutabilis 500 + - Uncaria tomentosa 500 + + MNCC = Maximal non cytotoxic concentration. += viral inhibition index 1.5. and SuHV-1, and other viruses of the Herpesviridae family may have a spectrum of action directed for this family. On the other hand, plants that presented activity for only one of viruses and/or were negative for the other family members would have a mechanism more specific for each virus. Plants that presented activity against both animal herpesviruses are promising as antiviral components source. REFERENCES Ahmad A, Davies J, Randall S, Skinner GRB (1996). Antiviral properties of extract of Opuntia streptacantha. Antiviral Res., 30: 75-85. Almeida AAP, Farah A, Silva DAM, Nunan EA, Gloria MB (2006). Antibacterial activity of coffee extracts and selected coffee chemical compounds against Enterobacteria. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 8738- 8743. Aquino R, De Simone F, Pizza C, Cobti C, Stein ML (1989). Plant metabolites. Structure and in vitro antiviral activity of quinovic acid glycosides from Uncaria tomentosa and Guettarda platypoda. J. Nat.Prod., 52 (4): 679-685. del Barrio G, Parra F (2000). Evaluation of the antiviral activity of an extract from Phyllanthus orbicularis. J. Ethnopharm., 7: 317-322. Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Simin N, Anackov G (2006). Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some Lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 1822-1828. Calixto JB (2000). Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 33: 179-189. Chattopadhyay D, Naik TN (2007). Antivirals of ethonomedicinal origin: structure-activity relationship and scope. Mini Ver. Med. Chem., 7 (3): 25-301. Coelho de Souza G, Haas APS, von Poser GL, Schapoval EES, Elisa be tsky E (2004). Ethnopharmacological studies of antimicrobial
emedies in the south of Brazil. J. Ethnopharm., 90: 135-143. Cordeiro R, Nunes VA, Almeida CR (2002). Plantas que curam. São Paulo: Grupo de comunicação Três Ltda, p. 390. Cos P, Vlietinck AJ, Vanden Berghe D, Maesa L (2006). Anti-infective potential of natural products: How to develop a stronger in vitro ‘proof-of-concept’. J. Ethnopharm., 106: 290-302. Cowan MM (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 12(4): 564-582. Felipe AMM, Rincão VP, Benati FJ, Linhares REC, Galina KJ, Toledo CE, Lopes GC, Mello JC, Nozawa C (2006). Antiviral effect of Guazuma ulmifolia and Stryphnodendron adstringens on poliovirus and bovine herpesvirus. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 29 (6): 1092-1095. Gomes MMR, Cerqueira DM, Falcão DQ, Menezes FS, Wigg MD, Mendes GS, Martins FO, Silva JFM, Kuster RM, Romanos MTV (2008). In vitro anti-HSV-2 activity of isoquercetin from Hyptis fasciculata Benth. Virus Rev. Res., 13: 7-13. Groff FHS, Merlo MA, Stoll PA, Stepan AN, Weiblen R, Flores EF (2005). Epidemiology and control of pseudorabies outbreaks in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2003. Pesq. Vet. Bras., 25(1): 25- 30. Harbell JW, Knootz SW, Lewis RW, Lovell D (1997). IRAG working group: Cell cytotoxic assays. Food Chem. Toxicol., 35: 79-126. Jassim SAA, Naji MA (2003). Novel antiviral agents: a medicinal plant perspective. J. Appl. Microbial., 95: 412-427. Kudi AC, Myint SH (1999). Antiviral activity of some Nigerian medicinal plant extracts. J. Ethnopharm., 68: 289-294. Martim KW, Ernest E (2003). Antiviral agents from plants and herbs: a systematic review. Antiv. Ther., 8 (2): 77-90. Mccutcheon AR, Roberts TE, Gibbons E, Ellis SM, Babiuk LA, Hancock REW, Towers GHN (1995). Antiviral screening of Columbian medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharm., 49: 101-110. Muylkens B, Thiry J, Kirten P, Schynts F, Thiry E (2007). Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Vet. Res., 38: 181-209. Nauwynck HJ (1997). Functional aspects of Aujeszky’s disease (pseudorabies) viral proteins with relation to invasion, virulence and immunogenicity. Vet. Microbiol., 55: 3-11. Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM (2003). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981-2002. J. Nat. Prod., 66: 1022-1037. Fernandes et al. 2265 Plantamed. Available at: http:// www.plantamed.com.br. Accessed 14 February, 2009. Rates SMK (2001). Plants as source of drugs. Toxicon., 39: 603-613. Reed LJ, Muench, H (1938). A simple method of estimating fifty per cent and point. Am. J. Hyg., 27: 7-493. Semple S.J, Reynolds GD, O’leary MC, Flower RLP (1998) Screening of Australian medicinal plants of antiviral activity. J. Ethnopharm., 60: 163-172. Silveira CS, Martins FO, Costa CS, Romanos MTV, Kaplan MAC, Menezes FS (2009). In vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant and antiviral effects of Pterocaulon alopecuroides and Bidens segetum extracts. Braz. J. Phamacog., 12 (2a): 343-348. Simões CMO, Falkenberg M, Aulermentz L, Schenkel EP, Amoroso M, Girre L (1999). Antiviral activity of south Brazilian medicinal plant extracts. Phytomed., 6 (3): 205-214. Simoni IC, Fernandes MJB, Gonçalves CR, Almeida AP, Costa SS, Lima AP (1996). A study on the antiviral characteristics of Persea americana extracts against Aujeszky´s disease virus. Biomed. Lett., 54: 173-181. Simoni IC, Manha APS, Sciessere L, Hoe VMH, Takinami VH, Fernandes MJB (2007). Evaluation of the antiviral activity of Brazilian cerrado plants against animal viruses. Virus Rev. Res., 12(1-2): 25- 31. Summerfield A, Keil GM, Mettenleiter TC, Rziha HJ, Saalmüller A (1997). Antiviral activity of an extract from leaves of the tropical plant Acanthospermum hispidum. Antiviral Res., 36: 55-62. Veiga Júnior FV, Pinto AC, Maciel MAM (2005). Plantas medicinais: Cura segura? Química Nova 28 (3): 519-528. Vlietinck AJ, Vanden Berghe DA (1991). Can ethnopharmacology contribute to the development of antiviral drugs? J. Ethnopharm., 32 (1-3): 141-153. Willians JE (2001). Review of antiviral and immunomodulating properties of plants of the Peruvian rainforest with a particular emphasis on Una de Gato and Sangre de Grado. Altern. Med. Rev., 6(6): 567-579.
Page 1 and 2: Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
Page 3 and 4: Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
Page 5 and 6: Electronic submission of manuscript
Page 7 and 8: Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
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Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
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Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
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Figure 1. The first page of the boo
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Figure 3. The most widely included
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Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
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Table 1. List of plants included in
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14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
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Academy of Science Publishing House
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et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
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DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
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% Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
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information on plants used for the
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Table 1. Levels of independent vari
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Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
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exhibiting the polar extracts of P.
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Table 5. Inter-Population genetic i
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Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM
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ice residue is an ideal raw materia
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DPPH• scavenging ratio(%) OD valu
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scavenging effect on free radical a
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our new CL system. Fenton reaction
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1 2 Time (s) Figure 2. Kinetic curv
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Wong et al., 2006). It can be seen
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Pan YM, Liang Y, Wang HS, Liang M (
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
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