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mAU 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 mAU 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Figure 3. HPLC chromatography of caratenoids from L. barbarum fruit extract by absolute ethanol (1. carotenoids extract; 2.β-carotene). Table 2. a Three active components levels of L. barabrum fruits from different producing areas and radical scavenging activity of polyphenols Producing areas PS (%) C (%) PP (%) FW PW RSA(%) R ZN 5.3682 C 0.1005 B 2.9749 A 12.182 C 10.4231 C 56.82 SH 6.9639 0.968 B 0.1535 A 2.7081 B 13.738 C 11.3863 C 49.71 NM 7.2293 B 0.0511 D 2.54056 C 19.713 A 16.9451 A 46.25 GM 7.3586 B 0.0512 D 2.64098 C 18.531 A 16.3494 A DZ 7.4153 48.80 B 0.0570 D 2.63 C 17.98 B 15.4195 B 47.32 QT 7.3190 B 0.0907 B 2.40148 D 7.984 D 7.0674 D 45.18 JH 8.9041 A 0.0656 C 2.46116 D 13.313 C 11.8399 C 43.43 JL 7.0099 B 0.1642 E 1.594 E 8.946 D 7.1368 D 30.82 a : Each value is the mean of five replicates(RSD
Table 3. Climatic and soil factors of 8 producing areas of L. barbarum. Dong et al. 2281 * S Pr C M F A D SOM N P K ZN 2.972 250 3.349 9.2 153 1190 0.44 2.91 51.53 76.77 312.37 SH 3.200 171.6 3.447 8.5 157 1055 0.60 2.75 45.49 53.73 423.87 NH 3.090 38.9 1.921 4.4 112 2812 0.48 2.29 66.32 66.43 438.03 GM 3.150 45.8 2.014 4.2 140 3250 0.40 2.56 47.43 73.59 443.33 DZ 3.065 450 2.228 7.4 120 3667 0.37 1.90 53.29 65.37 535.75 QT 3.076 176 3.107 4.7 156 792 1.80 4.39 46.87 59.76 357.43 JH 2.800 111.6 3.582 7.2 175 366 0.03 0.52 25.36 18.92 121.10 JL 2.773 532 4.663 13.1 207 18 0.13 10.85 35.75 32.72 327.40 * Producing area codes are the same as those of Table 3. S = Sunshine (Kh/y); Pr = precipitation (mm/y); C = cumulative temperature (≥10°C/y); M = mean annual temperature(°C/y); F = frost-free period (d); A = altitude (m); D = dissoluble salinity (%); SOM = soil organic matter (%); N = available nitrogen (mg/kg); P = available phosphorus (mg/kg); K = available potassium (mg/kg). Table 4. Linear correlations of L. barbarum fruits with climatic and soil factors producing areas. Variable PS (%) C (%) PP (%) FW PW S* +0.6402 -0.2260 -0.2323 +0.4738 +0.4685 Pr* -0.5563 +0.5080 -0.2268 -0.3932 -0.4391 C* -0.6166 +0.8300 -0.0650 -0.8309 -0.8545 M* -0. 5641 +0.7931 -0.2919 -0.5150 -0.5684 F* -0.6943 +0.7248 +0.0803 -0.7905 -0.7983 A* +0.4678 -0.6950 -0.0294 +0.8699 +0.8717 D* +0.1841 -0.0050 -0.1456 -0.3969 -0.3706 SOM* -0.8454 +0.7022 -0.2667 -0.5866 -0.6273 N* +0.4458 -0.3448 -0.5004 +0.5435 +0.5205 P* +0.4644 -0.3338 -0.7500 +0.4180 +0.4159 K* +0.2121 -0.1335 -0.3309 +0.5080 +0.4707 *: The codes are the same as those of Table 3 and 4. Determination on contents of polysaccharides and carotenoids Recovery was obtained by adding standard glucose to extracts to obtain polysaccharides. Final concentrations were 9.0, 25.0, and 38.0 µg/ml. The assay was conducted with 5 replicates. Recovery was within 98.7 to105.1% (data not shown). As shown in Table 2, the order of polysaccharides contents is Jinghe (8.9041%) > Qitai (7.3190%), Dazi (7.4153%), Goldmud (7.3586%), Numhon (7.2293%), Shahai (6.9639%), Julu (7.0099%) > Zhongning (5.3682%). So, Jinghe can be considered as the genuine area for polysaccharides of L. barbarum fruits. β-carotene was added into the carotenoids extracts to obtain recovery, final concentration 1.0, 2.5, 4.0 µg/ml. The recovery was 97.45 to 109.3% (data not shown). As is shown in Table 2, the order of carotenoids contents is Julu (0.1642%) > Shahai (0.1535%) > Zhongning (0.1005%), Qitai (0.0907%) > Jinghe (0.0656%) > Numhon (0.0511%), Goldmud (0.0512%), Dazi (0.0570%). Julu proved to be the genuine area for carotenoids of L. barbarum fruits. Correlation between environmental factors and the main active components of L. barbarum fruits Environmental factors of eight producing areas were collected in Table 3. In Table 4, linear correlation analysis showed that polyphenols contents was strongly negatively correlated with SOM (r = 0.8454), which indicated that soil containing relatively low SOM is proper for polyphenols accumulation; carotenoids were positively correlated with effective cumulative temperature (r = 0.83), mean annual temperature (r = 0.7931) and frostfree period (r = 0.7248), meaning that areas of west China with relatively low temperature are not the best for carotenoids accumulation; fruit weight and pulp weight were strongly positively correlated with altitude (r =0.8699, 0.8717, respectively), strongly negatively correlated with cumulative temperature and frost-free
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
Page 3 and 4: Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
Page 5 and 6: Electronic submission of manuscript
Page 7 and 8: Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Identification of main pea
Page 19 and 20: Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
Page 21 and 22: active component study, many invest
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Page 25 and 26: and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
Page 29 and 30: Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
Page 31 and 32: and it has been traced to South Ame
Page 33 and 34: Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
Page 37 and 38: (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
Page 39 and 40: emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
Page 41 and 42: known fatty acids and terpenoids we
Page 43 and 44: Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
Page 45 and 46: Al-Radahe et al. 2271 Figure 3.nnnn
Page 47 and 48: namely disruption of the vascular e
Page 49 and 50: Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
Page 51 and 52: β-carotene were purchased from Sig
Page 53: Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
Page 57 and 58: content of polysaccharides. Phospha
Page 59 and 60: Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
Page 61 and 62: Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
Page 65 and 66: Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
Page 67 and 68: Table 3. Result of thin layer chrom
Page 71 and 72: Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
Page 75 and 76: Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Termin
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5. T. catappa Linn. (Combret
Page 79 and 80: Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
Page 81 and 82: Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
Page 85 and 86: Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
Page 87 and 88: Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
Page 97 and 98: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
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Page 101 and 102: Figure 3. The most widely included
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Table 1. List of plants included in
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
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14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
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Academy of Science Publishing House
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et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
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DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
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% Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
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information on plants used for the
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Table 1. Levels of independent vari
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Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
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Table 1. Chemical composition of es
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Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
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Table 3. Correlation matrix (number
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Table 1. Precision test. extraction
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Figure 2. Effect of different alcoh
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Table 6. Results of ANOVA. Nie et a
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Table 2. Plant data and MIC values
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exhibiting the polar extracts of P.
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Table 3. Contd. AcOEt ++ ++ ++ - Me
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Figure 1. Map of Ladakh region of I
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Warghat et al. 2391 Table 3. Summar
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Table 5. Inter-Population genetic i
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Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM
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ice residue is an ideal raw materia
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DPPH• scavenging ratio(%) OD valu
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scavenging effect on free radical a
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our new CL system. Fenton reaction
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1 2 Time (s) Figure 2. Kinetic curv
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Wong et al., 2006). It can be seen
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Pan YM, Liang Y, Wang HS, Liang M (
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2422 J. Med. Plants Res. close cano
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2424 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. M
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2426 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. C
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2432 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. D
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2434 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 6. T
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2436 J. Med. Plants Res. budget dur
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2440 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. R
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2442 J. Med. Plants Res. Stability
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2444 J. Med. Plants Res. production
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2446 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 2.
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2450 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. A
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2452 J. Med. Plants Res. Ghasemi Pi
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2454 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. I
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2456 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. M
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2460 J. Med. Plants Res. Department
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2462 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. E
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2466 J. Med. Plants Res. AOAC (2000
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2470 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. F
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2472 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. S
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2480 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. W
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2486 J. Med. Plants Res. components
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2490 J. Med. Plants Res. Inhibition
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2494 J. Med. Plants Res. can increa
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2500 J. Med. Plants Res. Flowering
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2502 J. Med. Plants Res. harvest in
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2512 J. Med. Plants Res. over-expre
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2524 J. Med. Plants Res. ACKNOWLEDG
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
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