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Table 5. Genes uniquely regulated by APS HD or APS LD. Gene symbol Accession # Control versus model (Ratio) APS HD versus model(Ratio) Cdc27 NM_145436 ↑(1.65) ↑(1.49) 1110007A13Rik NM_145955 ↑(1.18) ↑(1.17) Hmgcr NM_008255 ↑(1.51) ↑(1.42) Man1a2 NM_010763 ↑(1.44) ↑(1.43) D530033C11Rik NM_030132 ↑(1.42) ↑(1.57) Ufm1 NM_026435 ↑(1.30) ↑(1.30) Zcd2 NM_025902 ↑(1.25) ↑(1.23) Txndc9 NM_172054 ↑(1.18) ↑(1.21) Zc3h10 NM_134003 ↓(0.79) ↓(0.76) Sfi1 NM_030207 ↓(0.65) ↓(0.72) Sidt2 AK081177 ↓(0.59) ↓(0.69) Nr3c2 NM_001083906 ↓(0.4) ↓(0.49) Alpi NM_001081082 ↓(0.31) ↓(0.47) Cheng et al. 2509 APS LD versus model(Ratio) Tubd1 NM_019756 ↑(1.56) ↑(1.43) AK050250 AK050250 ↑(1.20) ↑(1.34) Hps4 NM_138646 ↓(0.78) ↓(0.84) Ulk1 NM_009469 ↓(0.76) ↓(0.73) Usf2 U01663 ↓(0.72) ↓(0.67) Utrn NM_011682 ↓(0.47) ↓(0.52) Fosl2 NM_008037 ↓(0.42) ↓(0.53) Hbp1 NM_177993 ↓(0.42) ↓(0.41) the main functionalities for the networks are antigen presentation, cardiovascular disease, cellular development, cancer, cell cycle, cell death, RNA damage and repair, protein synthesis, nutritional disease, developmental disorder, genetic disorder, neurological disease, cellular growth and proliferation. As we here observe dose-dependent difference of APS, we analyzed special gene expression in IELs. We found that treatment with APS HD led to additional changes in gene expression compared to APS LD, as indicated by the identification of 13 genes regulated specifically by APS HD. In contrast, 9 unique genes were observed to be induced solely by APS LD (Table 5). IPA shows the network about APS HD related genes (Figure 3), and the main functionalities are lipid metabolism, molecular transport, small molecule biochemistry, cancer, cell cycle, cell death, RNA damage and repair, protein synthesis, nutritional disease, developmental disorder, genetic disorder, neurological disease, cellular assembly and organization. The network about APS LD related genes was shown in Figure 4, and the main functionalities given by Ingenuity for the networks are cell morphology, cellular function and maintenance, cellmediated immune response, antigen presentation, cardiovascular disease, cellular development, cancer, cell cycle, cell death, RNA damage and repair, protein synthesis, nutritional disease, developmental disorder, genetic disorder and neurological disease. DISCUSSION The major finding in this study is that APS might play critical in transcriptional regulation of cancer, since the gene expressions of Rnf139, 2310079N02Rik, Anapc1, C030015A19Rik, Fbxo3, Cpd, Derl2, Ddx17, and Arl6ip2, were significantly regulated to normal levels in the APS HD and APS LD treated mice, in which 7 were upregulated and 2 down-regulated. Cpd is a type 1 transmembrane protein the cycle between the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. It performs a wide variety of functions, ranging from the digestion of food to the selective biosynthesis of hormones and neuropeptides(Kalinina and Fricker, 2003, Kalinina et al., 2002). Cpd expression is enhanced during inflammatory processes and may stimulate NO production by cleaving Arg from peptide substrates (Hadkar and Skidgel, 2001). Another hallmark of response in the APS-treated mice is the up-regulation of Anapc1, RNF139, Fbxo3, and Derl2 gene expression. A mitotic gene (Fong et al., 2007), The Anapc1 gene was found to contain a long open reading frame of 1944 amino acids, encoding a polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 216,087 Da (Starborg et al., 1994). It
2510 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 3. Significant molecular network of APS HD related genes. Genes are represented as nodes, and the biological relationship between two nodes is represented as a line. Note that the colored symbols represent gene entries that occur in our data, while the transparent entries are molecules from the Ingenuity knowledge database. Red symbols represent up-regulate genes, green symbols represent down-regulate genes. Solid lines between molecules indicate direct physical relationship between molecules; dotted lines indicate indirect functional relationships. is a centromere-associated protein that appears to have a transient function during mitosis. Anapc1 was identified and shown to be related to an Aspergillus nidulans mitotic checkpoint regulator (Jorgensen et al., 1998). Moreover, Anapc1 may be a possible candidate for causing the chromosomal instability seen in gastric cancer (Lima et al., 2008). RNF139 encodes an endoplasmic reticulumresident E3 ubiquitin ligase that inhibits growth in a RING- and ubiquitylation-dependent manner (Lee et al., 2010). RNF139 is similar to the Patched family of proteins, with a putative sterol-sensing domain and an extracellular loop capable of interaction with the hedgehog protein (Cho et al., 2005). Chromosomal translocation of this gene may be important in the development of kidney cancer (Gemmill et al., 2002). The Fbxo3 gene may be associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumorigenesis and/or progression (Cha et al., 2011), and Fbxo3 can synergistically increase p53 transcriptional activity (Shima et al., 2008). Derl2, a member of the Derlin family, is a putative proto-oncogene and has a direct role in oncogenic transformation (Hu et al., 2007). Increased expression of Derl2 is confirmed in hepatocellular carcinomas (Ying et al., 2001). Taken together, these reports support that the actions of APS might play critical roles in transcriptional regulation in cancer.
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
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Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
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Table 1. Identification of main pea
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Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
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active component study, many invest
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and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
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Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
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Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
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and it has been traced to South Ame
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Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
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emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
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known fatty acids and terpenoids we
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Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
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Al-Radahe et al. 2271 Figure 3.nnnn
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namely disruption of the vascular e
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Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
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β-carotene were purchased from Sig
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Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
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Table 3. Climatic and soil factors
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content of polysaccharides. Phospha
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Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
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Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
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Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
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Table 3. Result of thin layer chrom
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Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
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Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Termin
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Figure 5. T. catappa Linn. (Combret
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Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
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Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
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Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
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Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
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Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
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Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
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Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
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Figure 1. The first page of the boo
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Figure 3. The most widely included
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Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
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Table 1. List of plants included in
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
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14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
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Academy of Science Publishing House
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et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
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DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
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% Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
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information on plants used for the
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Table 1. Levels of independent vari
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Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
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Table 1. Chemical composition of es
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Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
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Table 3. Correlation matrix (number
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Table 1. Precision test. extraction
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Figure 2. Effect of different alcoh
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Table 6. Results of ANOVA. Nie et a
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Table 2. Plant data and MIC values
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exhibiting the polar extracts of P.
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Table 3. Contd. AcOEt ++ ++ ++ - Me
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Figure 1. Map of Ladakh region of I
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Warghat et al. 2391 Table 3. Summar
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Table 5. Inter-Population genetic i
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Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM
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ice residue is an ideal raw materia
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DPPH• scavenging ratio(%) OD valu
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scavenging effect on free radical a
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our new CL system. Fenton reaction
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1 2 Time (s) Figure 2. Kinetic curv
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Wong et al., 2006). It can be seen
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Pan YM, Liang Y, Wang HS, Liang M (
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2422 J. Med. Plants Res. close cano
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2424 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. M
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2432 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. D
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2434 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 6. T
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2436 J. Med. Plants Res. budget dur
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2440 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. R
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2442 J. Med. Plants Res. Stability
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2444 J. Med. Plants Res. production
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2446 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 2.
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2450 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. A
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2452 J. Med. Plants Res. Ghasemi Pi
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