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associated with stimulation of T cells via different epitopes of CD3. Immunology, 93: 26-32. Zink M (2011). Green tea for weight loss. The Herbal Collective Magazine. May,2011. Available at: http://herbalcollective.ca/source/2011/05/12/green-tea-forweight-loss/. Hossain et al. 2467 Zuckermann F, Husmann R (1996). The human and swine CD4/CD8 double positive T lymphocyte. In: Tumbleson ME, Schook LB (eds) Adv. Swine Biomed. Res., Plenum Press, New York, USA, pp. 331- 343.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(12), pp. 2468-2473, 30 March, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.1710 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 <strong>Academic</strong> <strong>Journals</strong> Full Length Research Paper Influence of salt stress on growth, pigments, soluble sugars and ion accumulation in three pistachio cultivars H. Abbaspour 1 *, H. Afshari 1 and M. A. Abdel-Wahhab 2 1 Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran. 2 Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Accepted 10 February, 2012 In this study, three pistachio cultivars were treated with different concentration of salt solution to provide a reference for the cultivation of salt tolerant rootstocks. The results revealed that increasing the salinity stress resulted in decreasing growth performances of the plants in the three pistachio cultivars. This decrease was not significant in salinity of 100 mM but was significant in other salinities compared to control. In all salinity levels and control conditions, Akbari (Ak) cultivar exhibited larger growth performances of the plants in comparison with the other two cultivars; this state is more sensible in salinities of 200 and 300 mM. Ak cultivar assumed significantly higher pigment amount than the other two cultivars in high salinities. Impact of salinity on reduction of chlorophyll amount was significant in all cultivars starting from salinity of 200 mM. Moderate and high salinity led to an increase in amount of total soluble sugars in Ak cultivar while no significant contrast was achieved between the other two cultivars compared to control conditions. The impacts of different salinities on Na and Cl were nearly similar and the amounts of these elements increased with exceeding salinity stress in different cultivars compared to control condition. The high stress level resulted in remarkable enhancement of Cl and Na amounts in Ouhadi (Ou) and Kalehghouchi (Ka) cultivars. However, the low and moderate salinities increased the concentration of potassium in AK cultivar compared to the other two cultivars. Therefore, higher plant growth and photosynthetic pigments, lower Na and Cl content, greater accumulation of soluble sugars and K could explain the greater salt-tolerance of AK compared to that of Ka and Ou. Key words: Pistachio cultivars, salinity, growth, ion accumulation. INTRODUCTION Agricultural productivity is severely affected by soil salinity and the damaging effect of salt accumulation in agricultural soils has become an important environmental concern (Jaleel et al., 2007b). Over 800 million hectares of land worldwide is affected by salinity (Munns, 2005), comprising nearly 7% of the worlds total land area. Irrigation systems are particularly prone to salinization, *Corresponding author. E-mail: Abbaspour75@yahoo.com, Abbaspour@damghaniau.ac.ir. Tel: 09131923217, 0232- 5235214. Fax: 98-232-5235214. Abbreviations: Ak, Akbari; Ou, Ouhadi; Ka, Kalehghouchi; mM, milimolar. with nearly one third of irrigated land being severely affected. Every year, more and more land becomes nonproductive due to salt accumulation. Iran, the second largest country in the soil salinity which is considered a serious agricultural problem, accounting for at least 20% of the Middle East and has 165 million hectares irrigated lands (Munns and Tester, 2008). Approximately, 90% of the country is classified as arid and semi-arid region, most of which suffers from low rainfall, high evaporationtranspiration, salinization, shortage of fresh water, soil erosion, excessive heat and desertification. In Iran, the pistachio nut tree (Pistacia vera L.) is an important and valuable crop which is usually grown under saline conditions (Sheibani, 1994). Land salinization is a major limiting factor for conventional crop productivity in the
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
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Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
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Table 1. Identification of main pea
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Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
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active component study, many invest
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and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
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Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
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Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
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and it has been traced to South Ame
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Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
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emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
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known fatty acids and terpenoids we
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Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
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Al-Radahe et al. 2271 Figure 3.nnnn
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namely disruption of the vascular e
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Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
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β-carotene were purchased from Sig
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Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
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Table 3. Climatic and soil factors
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content of polysaccharides. Phospha
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Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
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Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
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Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
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Table 3. Result of thin layer chrom
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Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
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Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Termin
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Figure 5. T. catappa Linn. (Combret
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Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
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Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
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Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
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Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
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Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
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Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
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Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
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Figure 1. The first page of the boo
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Figure 3. The most widely included
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Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
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Table 1. List of plants included in
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
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14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
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Academy of Science Publishing House
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et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
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DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
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% Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
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information on plants used for the
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Table 1. Levels of independent vari
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Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
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Table 1. Chemical composition of es
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Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
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Table 3. Correlation matrix (number
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Table 1. Precision test. extraction
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Figure 2. Effect of different alcoh
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Table 6. Results of ANOVA. Nie et a
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Table 2. Plant data and MIC values
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exhibiting the polar extracts of P.
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Table 3. Contd. AcOEt ++ ++ ++ - Me
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Figure 1. Map of Ladakh region of I
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Warghat et al. 2391 Table 3. Summar
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Table 5. Inter-Population genetic i
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Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM
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ice residue is an ideal raw materia
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DPPH• scavenging ratio(%) OD valu
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scavenging effect on free radical a
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our new CL system. Fenton reaction
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2524 J. Med. Plants Res. ACKNOWLEDG
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
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