Download Complete Issue - Academic Journals

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(12), pp. 2443-2447, 30 March, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.1509 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 <strong>Academic</strong> <strong>Journals</strong> Full Length Research Paper Betalains from stem callus cultures of Zaleya decandra L. N. Burm. f. - A medicinal herb M. Radfar, M. S. Sudarshana and M. H. Niranjan* Medicinal Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006 Karnataka, India. Accepted 1 December, 2011 The plant synthesizes various medicinal important compounds; similarly in vitro derived callus also synthesizes the compounds. Hence, callus can also be used as an alternative to whole plant for the production of secondary metabolites. A preliminary experiment was conducted using stem explants of Zaleya decandra (Aizoaceae) on MS, B5 and Whites media containing different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins in order to test the best suitable medium for callogenic potentiality. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium elicited a better response than other media used. The callus formation and the nature of callus varies depending upon the nature of the growth regulators used. The various concentrations and combinations of dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin (Kn), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3butyric acid (IBA) and coconut milk were tested. Of these, combination of 2,4-D (1.0 mg/L) and TDZ (2.0 mg/L) was found to be the best in inducing pigmented callus. As the concentrations of 2,4-D and TDZ increased upto 5 mgL -1 , callogenic potentiality of the explants decreased. Phenotype color ranged from white/green through yellow, mezenda, violet red to red representing different types of pigments. The pigment when subjected to laboratory test using a spectrophotometer confirmed as betalains. Key words: Callus, betalain, growth regulators, medicinal plant, Zaleya decandra. INTRODUCTION Natural products have been a major source of new drugs (Vuorela et al., 2004). The use of medicinal plants to treat human diseases has its roots in pre-historical times. Medicinal plants are used by 80% of the world population as the only available medicines especially in developing countries (Hashim et al., 2010). Unfortunately, we know very little or still unaware of a number of herbs whose potential is yet to be fully exploited (Kamboj, 2000). In the last few decades, the traditional system of medicine has become the interest of many scientists as a tool to *Corresponding author. E-mail: niranmhniran@gmail.com. Abbreviations: BAP, 6-benzylaminopurine; NAA, naphthaleneacetic acid; MS, Murashige and Skoog; 2, 4-D, dichlorophenoxy acetic acid; Kn, kinetin; CW, coconut water; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IBA, indole-3-butyric acid; TDZ, thidiazuron; FW, fresh weight; OD, optical density; DF, dilution factor; LCMS, liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance improve the global health issues. At the same time, the needs for the basic scientific investigation of medicinal plants using indigenous medical systems have become more significant and in the world of technology, the importance of it is much more highlighted. Zaleya decandra L. is a prostrate weed belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and southern parts of India. The root is used for the treatment of hepatitis, asthma and orchitis, and also, the decoction of the root bark is credited with properties of aperients. The juice of the leaves is dropped into the nostrils to relieve partial headache (Nadkarni, 1996; Kirtikar and Basu, 1991). Z. decandra callus culture was considered as a prospective producer of betalains with high radical scavenging activity. Betalains comprise a class of nitrogen containing plant pigments found in the cell sap of plants belonging to ten families of Caryophyllales (Benson and Laudermilk, 1957; Johri and Bhattacharyya, 1998). Biotechnological approaches, specifically plant tissue culture plays a vital role in search for alternatives to
2444 J. Med. Plants Res. production of desirable medicinal compounds from plants (Ramachandra and Ravishankar, 2002). On a global scale, medicinal plants are mainly used as crude drugs and extracts. Several of the more potent and active substances are employed as isolated compounds, including many alkaloids such as morphine (pain killer), codeine (antitussive), papaverine (phosphordiesterase inhibitor) and various types of cardiac glycosides (heart insufficiency) (Wink et al., 2005). The capacity for plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures to produce and accumulate many of the same valuable chemical compounds as the parent plant in nature has been recognized almost since the inception of in vitro technology. The strong and growing demand in today’s market place for natural, renewable products has refocused attention on in vitro plant materials as potential factories for secondary phytochemical products, and has paved the way for new research exploring secondary product expression in vitro. Plant-produced secondary compounds have been incorporated into a wide range of commercial and industrial applications, and fortuitously, in many cases, rigorously controlled plant in vitro cultures can generate the same valuable natural products. Plants and plant cell cultures have served as resources for flavors, aromas and fragrances, biobased fuels and plastics, enzymes, preservatives, cosmetics (cosmeceuticals), natural pigments, and bioactive compounds (Karuppusamy, 2009). In the present investigation, this paper describes the isolation of the secondary metabolite (betalain pigment) from the callus mass of Z. decandra by altering various growth hormones and adjuvants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Z. decandra L. were collected from in and around Mysore University campus, Karnataka and maintained as stock plants in the Departmental garden. Stem explants were utilized for investigation. Explants were thoroughly washed in running tap water for 30 min followed by 5% (v/v) liquid detergent laboline for 5 min. Then washed in distilled water and followed by surface sterilization in 0.1% (w/v) mercuric chloride solution for 2 to 3 min for stem explants. After surface disinfection the material was thoroughly washed in sterile distilled water 4 times. Then stem explants were aseptically cut into pieces of required sizes and they were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of auxins and cytokinins. All the media contained 3% (w/v) sucrose. All the cultures were maintained at the temperature of 25±2°C under 16 h photoperiod and maintained for the callus formation. For realizing the pigments the following experiment has been done. The weight of violet red coloured callus obtained has been measured. 862 mg of fresh weight (FW) of callus having violet red colour was aseptically removed from the culture flask, macerated and extracted the pigment with cold water (temperature
Page 1 and 2:
Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
Page 3 and 4:
Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
Page 5 and 6:
Electronic submission of manuscript
Page 7 and 8:
Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
Page 9 and 10:
Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
Page 17 and 18:
Table 1. Identification of main pea
Page 19 and 20:
Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
Page 21 and 22:
active component study, many invest
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
Page 27 and 28:
Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
Page 29 and 30:
Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
Page 31 and 32:
and it has been traced to South Ame
Page 33 and 34:
Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
(a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
Page 39 and 40:
emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
Page 41 and 42:
known fatty acids and terpenoids we
Page 43 and 44:
Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
Page 45 and 46:
Al-Radahe et al. 2271 Figure 3.nnnn
Page 47 and 48:
namely disruption of the vascular e
Page 49 and 50:
Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
Page 51 and 52:
β-carotene were purchased from Sig
Page 53 and 54:
Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
Page 55 and 56:
Table 3. Climatic and soil factors
Page 57 and 58:
content of polysaccharides. Phospha
Page 59 and 60:
Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
Page 61 and 62:
Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
Page 67 and 68:
Table 3. Result of thin layer chrom
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Termin
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 5. T. catappa Linn. (Combret
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
Page 87 and 88:
Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
Page 97 and 98:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 1. The first page of the boo
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 3. The most widely included
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
Page 105 and 106:
Table 1. List of plants included in
Page 107 and 108:
Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
Page 109 and 110:
Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
Page 111 and 112:
14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
Page 113 and 114:
Academy of Science Publishing House
Page 115 and 116:
et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
Page 117 and 118:
DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
Page 119 and 120:
% Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
Page 121 and 122:
information on plants used for the
Page 123 and 124:
Table 1. Levels of independent vari
Page 125 and 126:
Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
Page 131 and 132:
Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
Page 137 and 138:
Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Table 1. Chemical composition of es
Page 143 and 144:
Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
Page 145 and 146:
Table 3. Correlation matrix (number
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Table 1. Precision test. extraction
Page 151 and 152:
Figure 2. Effect of different alcoh
Page 153 and 154:
Table 6. Results of ANOVA. Nie et a
Page 155 and 156: Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
Page 157 and 158: Table 2. Plant data and MIC values
Page 159 and 160: exhibiting the polar extracts of P.
Page 161 and 162: Table 3. Contd. AcOEt ++ ++ ++ - Me
Page 163 and 164: Figure 1. Map of Ladakh region of I
Page 165 and 166: Warghat et al. 2391 Table 3. Summar
Page 167 and 168: Table 5. Inter-Population genetic i
Page 169 and 170: Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM
Page 171 and 172: ice residue is an ideal raw materia
Page 173 and 174: DPPH• scavenging ratio(%) OD valu
Page 175 and 176: scavenging effect on free radical a
Page 177 and 178: our new CL system. Fenton reaction
Page 179 and 180: 1 2 Time (s) Figure 2. Kinetic curv
Page 181 and 182: Wong et al., 2006). It can be seen
Page 183 and 184: Pan YM, Liang Y, Wang HS, Liang M (
Page 185 and 186: 2422 J. Med. Plants Res. close cano
Page 187 and 188: 2424 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. M
Page 189 and 190: 2426 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. C
Page 195 and 196: 2432 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. D
Page 197 and 198: 2434 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 6. T
Page 199 and 200: 2436 J. Med. Plants Res. budget dur
Page 203 and 204: 2440 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. R
Page 205: 2442 J. Med. Plants Res. Stability
Page 209 and 210: 2446 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 2.
Page 213 and 214: 2450 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. A
Page 215 and 216: 2452 J. Med. Plants Res. Ghasemi Pi
Page 217 and 218: 2454 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. I
Page 219 and 220: 2456 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. M
Page 223 and 224: 2460 J. Med. Plants Res. Department
Page 225 and 226: 2462 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. E
Page 227 and 228: 2464 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 6. E
Page 229 and 230: 2466 J. Med. Plants Res. AOAC (2000
Page 233 and 234: 2470 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. F
Page 235 and 236: 2472 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. S
Page 243 and 244: 2480 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. W
Page 249 and 250: 2486 J. Med. Plants Res. components
Page 253 and 254: 2490 J. Med. Plants Res. Inhibition
Page 257 and 258:
2494 J. Med. Plants Res. can increa
Page 259 and 260:
2496 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. S
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
2500 J. Med. Plants Res. Flowering
Page 265 and 266:
2502 J. Med. Plants Res. harvest in
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
2506 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 1.
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
2512 J. Med. Plants Res. over-expre
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
2516 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. P
Page 281 and 282:
2518 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. E
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
2524 J. Med. Plants Res. ACKNOWLEDG
Page 289 and 290:
UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
Page 291:
show all

Download Complete Issue - Academic Journals

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?