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Table 3. Contd. Xu et al. 2441 s27 Beisanjia, Fushun, Liaoning 1.25 0.03 6.65 - 0.30 8.22 s28 Hongtoushan, Fushun, Liaoning 1.24 - 4.44 - 0.13 5.80 s29 Dongling, Shenyang, Liaoning 1.90 0.02 1.90 - - 3.82 s30 Hunhe, Shenyang, Liaoning 1.71 0.03 2.12 - 0.08 3.94 s31 Hunhepu, Shenyang, Liaoning 2.67 0.08 4.10 - 0.30 7.16 s32 Baiqingzai, Shenyang, Liaoning 3.02 0.03 2.92 - 0.15 6.12 s33 Cuigangzi, Heishan, Liaoning 0.55 - 2.45 - 0.21 3.22 s34 Qianxing, Heishan, Liaoning 0.79 0.01 2.90 - 0.24 3.95 s35 Zhangjiahuang, Heishan, Liaoning 2.34 - 2.12 - 1.10 5.56 s36 Lijiazhen, Heishan, Liaoning 1.25 0.03 3.00 0.32 0.24 4.84 s37 Yonglingzhen, Xinbin, Liaoning 1.61 0.02 3.50 - 0.10 5.22 s38 Qianjincun, Xinbin, Liaoning 0.77 - 4.14 - 0.16 5.06 s39 Guchengzhen, Huairen, Liaoning 1.03 - 3.17 - 0.29 4.49 s40 Shuanglingzicun, Huairen, liaoning 2.08 - 3.37 - 0.11 5.56 s41 Heigouxiang, Huairen, Liaoning 1.14 0.04 4.93 - 0.74 6.86 s42 Xiaoshizhen, Benxi, Liaoning 1.73 0.03 6.34 - 0.20 8.30 s43 Kazuo, Chaoyang, Liaoning 1.15 0.05 3.61 - 0.13 4.95 s44 Zhongtunxiang, Jinzhou, Liaoning 1.42 0.03 7.31 - 0.40 9.16 s45 Dawaxian, Panjin, Liaoning 2.37 0.09 6.64 - 0.78 9.87 s46 Sanshijiazizhen, Lingyuan, Liaoning 0.74 0.16 2.78 - 1.12 4.78 s47 Qianshan, Anshan, Liaoning 0.57 - 6.44 - 0.37 7.38 s48 Heishankexiang, Huludao, Liaoning 2.66 0.03 4.86 - 0.16 7.72 s49 Yangmadianzixiang, Huludao, Liaoning 0.85 0.04 9.86 - 0.20 10.95 s50 Yingkou, Liaoning 0.94 0.03 2.37 - 0.16 3.50 s51 Gaizhou, Yingkou, Liaoning 0.35 0.02 2.70 - 0.14 3.21 s52 Xiongyue, Yingkou, Liaoning 0.34 - 8.12 - 0.12 8.57 s53 Donggang, Liaoning 1.44 0.09 8.88 - 0.29 10.70 s54 Pulandian, Dalian, Liaoning 1.04 0.05 3.90 - 0.11 5.09 s55 Yuerjiancun, Datong, Shanxi 0.61 0.14 9.42 - 0.75 10.91 s56 Shikuxiang, Lucheng, Shanxi 1.07 0.07 4.71 - 0.69 6.55 s57 Qumenzhen, Yiyuan, Shandong 0.08 - 0.62 - 0.70 1.40 s58 Tiefou, Huaibei, Anhui 0.13 - 0.84 - 0.23 1.20 s59 Fulizhen, Shuzhou, Anhui 0.96 - 3.58 0.31 0.25 5.10 s60 Fulizhen, Shuzhou, Anhui 0.61 - 3.55 - 0.60 4.76 PS: “-” represented the contents had not been detected. directly analyzed to decrease assay variability, and five active ingredients showed good resolution and high recovery. Method validation Linearity The five calibration curves in the concentration ranges of Luteoloside, Luteolin, Physalin A, Physalin P and Physalin O were 0.532~2.66, 0.04~0.2, 0.48~2.4, 0.04~0.2 and 0.36~1.8 μg/mL, respectively. The regression equations and coefficients were: y = 236.44x + 198.43, r = 0.9997; y = 371.34x + 95.48, r = 0.9995; y = 76.337x + 25.217, r = 0.9996; y = 79.788x – 8.81, r = 0.9997; y = 104.53x + 38.59 and r = 0.9997, respectively, where y is the peak area of the five active ingredients and x is the concentration of the five active ingredients. Recovery For a validation of the extraction recoveries of the five active ingredients, the analysis for each active ingredient was carried out in five replicates. The results showed that the mean extraction recoveries were acceptable, suggesting that there was negligible loss during the calyces extraction (Table 1).
2442 J. Med. Plants Res. Stability The stock solutions of the five active ingredients were found to be stable at room temperature based on the peak area of the five active ingredients over the time range of 0 to 24 h. (Table 2). Simultaneously determine five active ingredients HPLC incorporating UV detector was employed to simultaneously determine the five active ingredients in dried calyces of P. alkekengi were collected in six provinces of China. The powdered calyces were treated as in the “Sample preparation” section. The results indicated the variation of the five active ingredients in the calyces from different locations (Table 3). According to the Pharmacopoeia of PRC, the samples were qualified except the sample of s03 which have been collected from Xinchun, indicating that Luteoloside in relatively stable in the calyces. However, according to the overall contents. The sample s49 which been collected from Yangmadianzixiang contained the five active ingredients was the highest in all samples. According to the Table 3 the Luteolin, Physalin P and Physalin O had low levels and instability. Physalin A had high content and stability and it was the unique ingredients in the calyces. So we can establish the quality standards of the calyces that determined content of Physalin A. Conclusion A simple HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination the five active ingredients in dried calyces of P. alkekengi. The linearity, recovery and stability of the developed method were validated, respectively. From the results of this study, we know that the contents of the five active ingredients in the calyces major varied from different locations. In a word, the results can be taken as the evidence for the exploitation and utilization of the calyces reasonably. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks for the guidance of Prof. Yin haibo and Prof. Ying xixiang during the experiment. REFERENCES Angelica T Vierira, Vanessa Pinho, Lucilia B Lepsch (2005). Mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of the natural secosteroids physalins in a model of intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Br. J. Pharmacol., 146: 244-251. Kawai M, Matsumoto A, Makino B (1993). The structure of physalin P. A new physalin from physalis alkekengi. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 66: 1299. Kawai M, Matsuura T, Kyuno S, Matsuki H, Takenaka M (1987). A new physalin from physalis alkekengi structure of physalin L. Phytochem., 26: 3313. Kawai M, Ogura T, Nakamishi M, Mastsuura T (1988). Structure of Physalin isolated from physalis alkekengi Var. Francheti. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61: 2969. Kazushi S, Shii Y (1992). Three new withanolides, physagulins A, B and D from physalis angulata. Chem, Pharm. Bull., 40(8): 2088. Matsuura T, Kawai M, Nakashima R, Butsugan YJ (1970) Structure of physalin A and Physalins B, 13, 14-Seco-16,24-cyclo-steroids froom Physalis Alkekengi Var. Francheti. Chem. Soc. C., p. 664. Melissa TG Silva, Sonia M Simas, Terezinha GFMB (2005). Studies on antimicrobial activity, in vitro, of Physalis angulata L (Solanaceae) fraction and physalin B bringing out the importance of assay determination. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 100(7): 779-782. The Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China (2010). Part Ⅰ.Beijing: China Publishing House of Trad. Chin. Med., p.337. Xu L, Wang RX, Yang YY, Wang B. (2009). Study on the resource of the Physalis in China. Chinese Wild Plant Resources, 28(1): 21-23.
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
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Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
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Table 1. Identification of main pea
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Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
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active component study, many invest
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and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
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Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
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Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
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and it has been traced to South Ame
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Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
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emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
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known fatty acids and terpenoids we
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Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
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Al-Radahe et al. 2271 Figure 3.nnnn
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namely disruption of the vascular e
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Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
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β-carotene were purchased from Sig
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Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
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Table 3. Climatic and soil factors
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content of polysaccharides. Phospha
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Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
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Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
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Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
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Table 3. Result of thin layer chrom
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Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
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Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Termin
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Figure 5. T. catappa Linn. (Combret
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Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
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Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
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Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
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Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
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Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
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Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
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Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
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Figure 1. The first page of the boo
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Figure 3. The most widely included
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Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
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Table 1. List of plants included in
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
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14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
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Academy of Science Publishing House
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et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
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DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
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% Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
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information on plants used for the
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Table 1. Levels of independent vari
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Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
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Table 1. Chemical composition of es
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Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
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Table 3. Correlation matrix (number
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Table 1. Precision test. extraction
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Figure 2. Effect of different alcoh
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2494 J. Med. Plants Res. can increa
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2496 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. S
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2500 J. Med. Plants Res. Flowering
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2524 J. Med. Plants Res. ACKNOWLEDG
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
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