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2300 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 1. Situation of the study site; Geographical situation of Côte-d’Ivoire in West Africa; Geo graphical situation of the department of Tiassalé, in Côte-d’Ivoire; (CEDA, 2001, modified by Coulibaly). T. mantaly introduced in 1972 in Côte d’Ivoire. We present here the results of the anti-fungal activities of aqueous, ethanolic and residual extracts in the in vitro growth of Aspergillus fumigatus a fungal pathogen that causes very severe and irreversible lung infections in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study site Our investigations took place in Tiassalé Department (Figure 1), Located at 130 km of Abidjan. Tiassalé is part of the Southern forest of Côte-d’Ivoire (West Africa), in the guinea field of the
Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier (Combretaceae): Portion of stem bark. Picture by Coulibaly K., Tiassalé, 06/12/08. mesophilic sector, characterized by dense moist semi-deciduous forest. Currently, the original vegetation has been degraded by human activities (Chevalier, 1948). Annual average pluviometry is about 1708.73 mm of water. Its climate, warm and humid, is characterized by two seasons: a dry season from December to February with two dry month, January and February, and a long rainy season from March to November, with the largest recorded in June, the other in October; between the two month, there is a period of less rainfall during August. Vegetal material T. mantaly T. mantaly grows 10 to 20 m with an erect stem and layered branches. Bark is pale grey and smooth. Leaves are smooth and bright green when young and in terminal rosettes; they are 5 to 7 cm long with short stem, apex broadly rounded and base tapred (Figures 2 to 5). Flowers small, greenish in erect spikes. Fruit small oval, about 1.5 cm long T. catappa T. catappa is a mean tree, a Mesophanerophyte from 25 to 30 m of height and of 1.60 m of diameter. The trunk of T. catappa, without footing, comprises a rhytidom split lengthwise (Figures 1 and 3); the branches are staged. The simple leaves, bound without peduncles, are in subvertilled tufts with. Flowers without petals, gathered in terminal tufts are bisexual. Preparation of extracts The drugs (stems barks) of T. catappa coded « CTA » and Terminalia mantaly coded « MTA», used in this study, were collected in the region of Tiassalé, South of Côte d’Ivoire. The collected drugs, were washed up, cut in small dices and dried at the laboratory at the ambient temperature (25 to 27°C) during three weeks and crushed out fine powder. Powders were extracted separately with a blinder, according to the method of Zirihi and Kra (2003), as follows: 100 g of powder of barks from each plant were extracted hot (decoction) with one liter of distilled water using a Mixer (Blinder). After three cycles of extraction, the solution obtained was filtered, then the solvent of extraction (water) was eliminated using a rotary evaporator; the paste obtained was freeze-dried; it constituted the total water extracts codified ( CTAwat and MTAwat). 30 g of each total water extract were treated by 300 ml of hydroalcoholic solution (70% Ethanol and 30% distilled water) using a separating funnel. Two phases were obtained (the alcoholic upper phase (CTA0, MTA0) and a residue named (CTA1, MTA1). CTA0, MTA0, CTA1 and MTA1 were freeze-dried. All extracts obtained were kept in glass sterilized bowls at -20°C. The six extracts of CTAwat, MTAwat, CTA0, MTA0, CTA1 and MTA1 were tested on the in vitro growth of A. fumigatus. Microbial stock and realization of in vitro tests The stock of A. fumigatus on which we worked was provided to us by the Laboratory of Mycology of the U.F.R of Medical Sciences of the University of Cocody-Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). The incorporation of different extracts of CTA and MTA at the Sabouraud agar was
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
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Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
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Table 1. Identification of main pea
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Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
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active component study, many invest
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Page 25 and 26: and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
Page 29 and 30: Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
Page 31 and 32: and it has been traced to South Ame
Page 33 and 34: Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
Page 37 and 38: (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
Page 39 and 40: emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
Page 41 and 42: known fatty acids and terpenoids we
Page 43 and 44: Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
Page 45 and 46: Al-Radahe et al. 2271 Figure 3.nnnn
Page 47 and 48: namely disruption of the vascular e
Page 49 and 50: Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
Page 51 and 52: β-carotene were purchased from Sig
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Climatic and soil factors
Page 57 and 58: content of polysaccharides. Phospha
Page 59 and 60: Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
Page 61 and 62: Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
Page 65 and 66: Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
Page 67 and 68: Table 3. Result of thin layer chrom
Page 71 and 72: Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
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Page 77 and 78: Figure 5. T. catappa Linn. (Combret
Page 79 and 80: Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
Page 81 and 82: Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
Page 85 and 86: Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
Page 87 and 88: Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
Page 97 and 98: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
Page 99 and 100: Figure 1. The first page of the boo
Page 101 and 102: Figure 3. The most widely included
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
Page 105 and 106: Table 1. List of plants included in
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
Page 109 and 110: Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
Page 111 and 112: 14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
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Page 115 and 116: et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
Page 117 and 118: DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
Page 119 and 120: % Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
Page 121 and 122: information on plants used for the
Page 123 and 124: Table 1. Levels of independent vari
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Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
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Table 1. Chemical composition of es
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Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
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Table 3. Correlation matrix (number
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Table 1. Precision test. extraction
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Figure 2. Effect of different alcoh
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Table 6. Results of ANOVA. Nie et a
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Table 2. Plant data and MIC values
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exhibiting the polar extracts of P.
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Table 3. Contd. AcOEt ++ ++ ++ - Me
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Figure 1. Map of Ladakh region of I
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Warghat et al. 2391 Table 3. Summar
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Table 5. Inter-Population genetic i
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Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM
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ice residue is an ideal raw materia
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DPPH• scavenging ratio(%) OD valu
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scavenging effect on free radical a
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our new CL system. Fenton reaction
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1 2 Time (s) Figure 2. Kinetic curv
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Wong et al., 2006). It can be seen
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Pan YM, Liang Y, Wang HS, Liang M (
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2422 J. Med. Plants Res. close cano
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2424 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. M
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2426 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. C
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2432 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. D
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2434 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 6. T
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2436 J. Med. Plants Res. budget dur
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2440 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. R
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2442 J. Med. Plants Res. Stability
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2444 J. Med. Plants Res. production
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2446 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 2.
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2450 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. A
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2452 J. Med. Plants Res. Ghasemi Pi
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2454 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. I
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2456 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. M
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2460 J. Med. Plants Res. Department
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2462 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. E
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2466 J. Med. Plants Res. AOAC (2000
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2470 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. F
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2472 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. S
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2480 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. W
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2486 J. Med. Plants Res. components
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2490 J. Med. Plants Res. Inhibition
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2494 J. Med. Plants Res. can increa
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2500 J. Med. Plants Res. Flowering
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2502 J. Med. Plants Res. harvest in
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2512 J. Med. Plants Res. over-expre
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2516 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. P
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2524 J. Med. Plants Res. ACKNOWLEDG
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
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