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2316 J. Med. Plants Res. Stefaniak B, Wozny A, Li V (2003). Plant micropropagation and callus induction of some annual Salsola species. Biol. Plant., 46(2): 305-308. Wu S, Zu Y, Wu M (2003). High yield production of salidroside in the suspension culture of Rhodiola sachalinensis. J. Biotechnol., 106: 33- 43. Zacchini M, Antonio G, Stefano G, Marina DA (2000). Ethylamine in maize callus: Isolation, identification and first approach to the physiological role of its hyper-production. J. Plant Sci., 150: 147-151. Zhong JJ, Konstantinov KB, Toshida T (1994). Computeraided on line mnitoring of physiological variables in suspended cell cultures of a Perillafrutescens in a bioreactor. J. Ferment. Bioeng., 77: 445-447.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(12), pp. 2317-2323, 30 March, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR011.788 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 <strong>Academic</strong> <strong>Journals</strong> Full Length Research Paper Effects of pomegranate seed extract on liver paraoxonase and bcl-xL activities in rats treated with cisplatin Serap YILDIRIM 1 *, Fikrullah KISA 2 , Ali KARADENIZ 3 , Abdulkadir YILDIRIM 4 , Akar KARAKOC 4 , Ismail CAN 5 , Adem KARA 5 and Nejdet SIMSEK 5 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. 5 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Accepted 4 July, 2011 The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of pomegranate seed extract (PSE) on the changes caused by cisplatin (CP) in rat liver paraoxonase and bcl-xL activities. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals: (1) Control; (2) PSE: Treated for 15 consecutive days by gavage with PSE (300 mg/kg/day); (3) CP: Injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin (7 mg/kg body weight, single dose); and (4) PSE+CP: Treated by gavage with PSE 15 days after a single injection of CP. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken from each animal after experimental procedures. PON-1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated from liver homogenates; the liver tissue was also immunohistochemically examined for anti-apoptotic activity (bcl-xL). The reduction caused by cisplatin in paraoxonase and arylesterase activities could be prevented at a significant level in the rats given a pre-treatment with PSE before the injection of cisplatin. Also, PSE significantly attenuated the cisplatin-induced structural alterations in the liver tissue, and increased anti-apoptotic hepatocyte numbers in the interlobular area and around the central vein of liver, but they were not observed in CP treated rats. PSE may be used as a preventive agent against the cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in patients receiving chemotherapy medications. Key words: Arylesterase, cisplatin, paraoxonase, pomegranate, anti-apoptosis. INTRODUCTION Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit has been consumed extensively in the form of fresh fruit, concentrate juice and pomegranate sour in salads in Turkey and the Mediterranean region) (Tezcan et al., 2009). The pomegranates are found to be a rich source of polyphenolic compounds that include flavonoids (anthocyanins, catechins and other complex flavonoids) and hydrolyzable tannins (punicalin, pedunculagin, punicalagin, gallagic acid and ellagic acid esters of *Corresponding author. E-mail: serapyildirim10@hotmail.com. Tel: +90 442 2316617. Fax: +90 442 2361054. glucose) which account for 92% of their antioxidant activities (Zahin et al., 2010). In recent years, many research results have been published about the beneficial effects of pomegranate fruit. For example, it has been reported that consumption of pomegranate juice may be helpful against coronary heart disease (Sumner et al., 2005) and Alzheimer’s disease (Singh et al., 2008). Also, pomegranate extract significantly improve arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (Zhang et al., 2011) and sperm quality in male patients (Turk et al., 2008b). In addition, the more remarkable scientific articles are available on cancer chemoprevention by pomeganate extracts and active compounds in vitro, as well as in experimental animal models (Adhami et al.,
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
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Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
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Table 1. Identification of main pea
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Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
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active component study, many invest
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and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
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Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
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Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
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and it has been traced to South Ame
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Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
Page 39 and 40: emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
Page 41 and 42: known fatty acids and terpenoids we
Page 43 and 44: Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
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Page 47 and 48: namely disruption of the vascular e
Page 49 and 50: Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
Page 51 and 52: β-carotene were purchased from Sig
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Climatic and soil factors
Page 57 and 58: content of polysaccharides. Phospha
Page 59 and 60: Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
Page 61 and 62: Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
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Page 65 and 66: Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
Page 67 and 68: Table 3. Result of thin layer chrom
Page 71 and 72: Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
Page 75 and 76: Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Termin
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Page 79 and 80: Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
Page 81 and 82: Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
Page 85 and 86: Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
Page 87 and 88: Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
Page 89: Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
Page 97 and 98: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
Page 99 and 100: Figure 1. The first page of the boo
Page 101 and 102: Figure 3. The most widely included
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
Page 105 and 106: Table 1. List of plants included in
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
Page 109 and 110: Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
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Page 117 and 118: DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
Page 119 and 120: % Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
Page 121 and 122: information on plants used for the
Page 123 and 124: Table 1. Levels of independent vari
Page 125 and 126: Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
Page 129 and 130: Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
Page 131 and 132: Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
Page 135 and 136: Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
Page 137 and 138: Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
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Table 1. Chemical composition of es
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Darjazi 2369 Table 2. Statistical a
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Table 3. Correlation matrix (number
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Table 1. Precision test. extraction
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Figure 2. Effect of different alcoh
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Table 6. Results of ANOVA. Nie et a
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Table 2. Plant data and MIC values
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exhibiting the polar extracts of P.
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Table 3. Contd. AcOEt ++ ++ ++ - Me
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Figure 1. Map of Ladakh region of I
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Warghat et al. 2391 Table 3. Summar
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Table 5. Inter-Population genetic i
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Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM
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ice residue is an ideal raw materia
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DPPH• scavenging ratio(%) OD valu
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scavenging effect on free radical a
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our new CL system. Fenton reaction
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1 2 Time (s) Figure 2. Kinetic curv
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Wong et al., 2006). It can be seen
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Pan YM, Liang Y, Wang HS, Liang M (
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2422 J. Med. Plants Res. close cano
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2424 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. M
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2426 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. C
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2432 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. D
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2434 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 6. T
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2436 J. Med. Plants Res. budget dur
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2440 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. R
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2442 J. Med. Plants Res. Stability
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2444 J. Med. Plants Res. production
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2446 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 2.
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2450 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. A
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2452 J. Med. Plants Res. Ghasemi Pi
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2454 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. I
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2456 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. M
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2460 J. Med. Plants Res. Department
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2462 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. E
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2466 J. Med. Plants Res. AOAC (2000
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2470 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. F
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2472 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. S
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2480 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. W
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2486 J. Med. Plants Res. components
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2490 J. Med. Plants Res. Inhibition
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2494 J. Med. Plants Res. can increa
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2500 J. Med. Plants Res. Flowering
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2502 J. Med. Plants Res. harvest in
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2524 J. Med. Plants Res. ACKNOWLEDG
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
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