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Table 1. Contd. Urticaceae Pouzolzia pentandra (Roxb.) Benn. H NS 025 Khob cha nang M Whole plant/ decoction/ oral/ fever; Whole plant/ decoction/ topical/ toothache Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene H NS 070 Ya lek khood B Whole plant/ bath/ oral/ joint and muscle pain Whole plant/ decoction/ oral/ parasites, fever, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl S NS 078 Ya pan ngoo kheaw B Dysuria, wound Whole plant/ poultice/ topical/ abscesses Vitex peduncularis Wall. T NS 021 Non B Vitaceae Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin C NS 071 Thao khan khao Neamsuvan et al. 2431 Whole plant/ decoction/ oral/ joint and muscle pain, fever Whole plant/ decoction/ topical/ mouth sore B Stem/ decoction/ oral/ expectorant, M Menstrual disorder, abscess Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. H NS 058 Khok kra soon B Whole plant/ decoction/ oral/ dysuria, kidney stone, fever H1= Habit (C=climber, Ep=epiphyte; H=herb, S=shrub, T=tree); H2= habitat (B=beach forest, M=mangrove forest. tract problems with 22 species (10.19%), respectively. Fever or pyrexia was the common illness with high-bodily temperature, weakness and headache. Then, the medicinal plants to get rid off that symptoms were applied such as roots of Casuarina equisetifolia L. used to cure headache and encephalitis, whole plant of Commelina benghalensis L. used as antipyretic, and roots of Abrus precatorius L. used to decrease high-bodily temperature. In skin disease, the symptoms were oozing eczema due to lymphatic disorder, herpes simplex and herpes zoster. Then, the medicinal plants to get rid off that symptoms were such as latex of Calotropis gigantea L. used to cure warts and corns, leaves of Indigofera tinctoria L. used to cure inflammation of abscess, and fresh fruits of Catunaregam spathulifolia Tirveng. used to cure athlete’s foot. In gastrointestinal tract problems, the symptoms were grouped, including constipation, diarrhea, dysentery and hemorrhoid. The medicinal plants used to cure these were such as leaves of Euphorbia heterophylla L. and roots of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. used as laxative. Plant parts used There were 9 plant parts used by traditional healers for treatment of diseases and (Table 3). However, whole plant was the most frequently utilized for 48 species (29.63%), followed by root/rhizome for 27 species (16.67%) and leaves for 26 species (16.05 %), respectively. Notably, some species could be used for more than one plant parts either for healing one or different diseases. For example, root and bark of Pleurostylia opposita (Wall.) Alston also could be used for curing malaria. In contrast, leaf of Chromolaena odoratum (L.) R.M. King & H.Rob. was used to stop bleeding, while its root was used for diabetes mellitus. Traditionally, whole plant refers to 5 parts of plant: Root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit. In case of small or herbaceous plant, it means really whole plant. However, it is only representative of those
2432 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. Diseases or symptoms to be cured by medicinal plants in Sating Phra Peninsula, Songkhla Province. Diseases/symptoms Frequency Percentage Fever 40 18.52 Skin diseases 23 10.65 Gastrointestinal tract 22 10.19 Problems Urinary system 17 7.87 Wound 16 7.41 Joint and muscle pain 13 6.02 Menstrual disorder 11 5.09 Dental hygiene 10 4.63 Respiratory 7 3.24 Toxin in the body 4 1.85 Thirsty relief 2 0.93 Jaundice 2 0.93 Hair and scalp 2 0.93 Syndrome Fatigue 8 3.70 Cancer 7 3.24 Parasites 5 2.32 Malaria 5 2.32 Midwifery 6 2.78 Blood tonic 4 1.85 Diabetes mellitus 4 1.85 Visceral organ 3 1.39 Damage Infant convulsion 1 0.46 Diet 1 0.46 Cardiotonic 1 0.46 Eye problems 1 0.46 Hypotension 1 0.46 Table 3. Plant part used. Plant part Frequency Percentage Whole plant 48 29.63 Root/rhizome 27 16.67 Leaf 26 16.05 Fruit 17 10.49 Wood/heart wood 16 9.88 Bark 8 4.94 Stem 7 4.32 Flower/inflorescence 6 3.70 Seed 4 2.47 Latex 3 1.85 Table 4. Methods for herbal preparation. Method Frequency Percentage Decoction 97 64.24 Poultice 23 15.23 Raw 15 9.93 Powder 6 3.97 Juice 5 3.31 Bath 2 1.36 Oil 1 0.66 Charcoal 1 0.66 Dessert 1 0.66 Table 5. Administration for medicinal plants. Administration Frequency Percentage Oral 99 71 Topical 34 24 Bath 3 2 Inhalation 1 1 Sauna 1 1 Steam Bath 1 1 5 parts if it is shrub or tree. Herbal preparations There were 9 herbal preparations documented from this study (Table 4). The most frequently used preparation was decoction for 97 species (64.24%), followed by poultice for 23 species (15.23%) and raw for 15 species (9.93%). It should be noted that some plants were prepared with more than one method for treating different disease. For example, Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. with whole plant was prepared as decoction for curing menstrual disorder, whereas it may also be prepared as poultice to cure intestinal parasitism in childhood. According to preparation method, decoction was classified into 3 kinds. Firstly, medicinal materials in clean drinking water would be boiled until liquid decreased to be a one third, then it was used for drinking. Secondly, medicinal materials in clean water were boiled until steam is obtained, then it was used for taking a bath. Finally, medicinal materials in clean drinking water were boiled until steam is obtained, then it was drunk as tea. In addition, poultice was crushed, pinched, chopped, or pounded medical materials for mostly applying on skin. Raw was the utilization of any plant parts without processing. In this study, plant parts were eaten as raw vegetables or fruits. Powder was prepared by grinding plant parts. This received more fine granules than poultice method, and it was mostly used for skin disease.
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
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Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Figure 1. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (http:
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Table 1. Identification of main pea
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Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters
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active component study, many invest
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and 1185 kg ha -1 in the first site
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Table 1. Recommendation for use fer
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Sadanandan AK, Hamza S (1996c). Stu
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and it has been traced to South Ame
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Table 3. Results of phytochemical a
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Normal ce
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emedies in the south of Brazil. J.
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known fatty acids and terpenoids we
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Table 1. Renal function tests of ra
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Al-Radahe et al. 2271 Figure 3.nnnn
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namely disruption of the vascular e
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Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozd
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β-carotene were purchased from Sig
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Figure 1. Effect of ethanol concent
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Table 3. Climatic and soil factors
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content of polysaccharides. Phospha
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Serge et al. 2285 Table 1. Relative
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Percentage inhibition % of inhibiti
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Table 1. Result of phytochemical sc
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Table 3. Result of thin layer chrom
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Table 2. MIC of a compound 1 from c
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Zirihi et al. 2301 Figure 2. Termin
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Figure 5. T. catappa Linn. (Combret
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Figure 8. A. fumigatus: Aspect of c
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Figure 12. Sensitivity of A. fumiga
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Noormi et al. 2311 Table 1. Callus
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Table 2. Contd. NoC=No callus. 4.0
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Figure 2. Contd. at 2.0 mg/L yellow
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Table 1. Biochemical parameters in
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Figure 3. Bcl-xL reactions in inter
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l
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Figure 1. The first page of the boo
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Figure 3. The most widely included
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Figure 4. Lithographic print “St.
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Table 1. List of plants included in
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2333 Cin
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Table 1. Contd. Nedelcheva 2335 Rhe
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14 7 1 15 1 35 17 16 Imported plant
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Academy of Science Publishing House
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et al., 1996; van Wyk and Gericke,
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DPPH inhibition (%) DPPH % inhibiti
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% Mortality Concentration (µg/ml)
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information on plants used for the
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Table 1. Levels of independent vari
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Arbutin (mg/g) Co-solvent Figure 1.
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Table 3. Arbuitn content of Asian p
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction pressure
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Arbutin (mg/g) Extraction temperatu
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Table 1. Chemical composition of es
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2482 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. C
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2484 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 3. C
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2486 J. Med. Plants Res. components
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2490 J. Med. Plants Res. Inhibition
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2492 J. Med. Plants Res. Figure 3.
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2494 J. Med. Plants Res. can increa
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2496 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 2. S
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2500 J. Med. Plants Res. Flowering
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2524 J. Med. Plants Res. ACKNOWLEDG
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 15th European
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