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cotton, gardening, and cultivating the land; and the
females in spinning, knitting, and domestic occupations.
The management of the asylum is vested in a committee
appointed by the general board in Dublin; the medical
department is superintended by a physician, governor,
and matron, assisted by 26 keepers and others: the
annual expenditure, about £2000, is advanced by Go-
vernment, but repaid by the grand juries of the respec-
tive counties. Many extraordinary cures have been
effected, and upon an average nearly one-half of the
patients have been restored to sanity by the skilful and
humane system of treatment introduced and success-
fully practised by the governor. A savings’ bank was
established in 1816, for which a handsome edifice was
erected in 1830, at an expense of £1400, raised from a
fund which had accumulated from the gratuitous super-
intendence of the committee for the fourteen years pre-
ceding; the amount of deposits at present is nearly
£90,000. There are also several minor establishments
for the benefit of the poor, among which may be noticed
the female penitentiary; the society for the relief of the
destitute sick, establishedin 1826; the society for clothing
the poor, in 1827; the society for discountenancing vice
and promoting the Christian religion, also in 1827; the
association for the protection of the rights of conscience,
in 1830; the society for the religious improvement of the
poor, also in 1830; a Bible society, tract societies, and a
library of religious books for the use of the poor.
There are no remains of antiquity in the town,
though some are scattered over the parish: near Stran-
millis, on the Lagan, was an ancient chapel, called
Capella de Kilpatrick; on the summit of a hill in Upper
Malone was the Capella de Crookmuck; near Callender’s
Fort, on the Falls road, about two miles from the
town, was that of Cranock, of which traces of the
foundations and a large cemetery are still remaining;
and on the same road, the chapel of Kilwee, where
numerous elegantly carved crosses and other sepulchral
monuments have been found. About three miles on the
Carrickfergus road is a small fragment of an ancient
fortress, called Greencastle; in Upper Malone was an
extensive fort called Castle Cam, or Freeston Castle,
on the site of which the elegant mansion of Malone
House has been erected; at a small distance on the left
of the road to Shaw’s-bridge are seen the foundations of
a third fort; in the grounds of Malone, near Lismoine, are
the remains of a fourth; and in the R. C. burial-ground
at Friar’s Bush are the remains of a fifth. Among
the most curious relics of antiquity are the caves
in various places formed in the earth and in the
hard limestone rock; of the former, three were disco-
vered in 1792 at Wolf Hill, the largest of which is eight
yards long and one yard wide, with four small chambers
diverging from it; on the side of a small hill in the
townland of Ballymargy is one of larger dimensions,
and in a more perfect state, with two entrances; and
near Hannahstown is one still larger, which since 1798
has been closed, having at that time been a place of
concealment for arms. Three large caves, which give
name to the mountain called Cave Hill, are all formed
in the perpendicular face of an immense range of basal-
tic rock; the lowest is 21 feet long, 18 wide, and from
7 to 10 feet in height; above this is another, 10 feet
long, 7 wide, and 6 in height; and above that is a third,
said to be divided into two unequal parts, each of which
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is more extensive than the largest of the other caves; but
the ascent is so dangerous that few venture to visit it.
The large ramparts of earth, called raths, or forts, are
also numerous: of these the most extensive is Mac
Art’s fort, on the summit of Cave hill, protected on
one side by a precipice, and on the others by a single
ditch of great depth and a vallum of large dimensions;
the enclosed area is nearly level, and, from the height
of the mountain, which is 1140 feet, commands a view
of vast extent, variety, and beauty, including the Isle of
Man, the Shores and mountains of Scotland, and a large
portion of the counties of Antrim, Down, Armagh, Derry,
and Donegal. Near the base of Squires hill are many
smaller raths, and two of large dimensions almost at
the summit of the Black mountain; and near the shore,
at Fort William, is an encampment, 70 feet square,
surrounded by a deep fosse and defended by a bastion
at each angle, and said to have been thrown up by
King William in 1690; near it is another intrench -
ment of ruder construction. There are two large
cairns on the Black mountain, in one of which, in
1829, was found a large urn filled with calcined human
bones, a spear head, and two ornaments of brass;
there is also a cairn on Cave hill, and one on Squires
hill. Great numbers of stone and flint hatchets, and
arrow heads of flint, have been discovered; and brazen
celts and querns, or hand mill-stones, are occasionally
found.
Among the gentlemen’s seats in the parish the most
conspicuous for their elegance are Ardoyne, the resi-
dence of M. Andrews, Esq.; Ballydrain, of H. Montgo-
mery, Esq.; Ballysillen, of J.F. Ferguson, Esq.; Beech
Park, of Arbuthnot Emerson, Esq.; Beech Mount, of
Lewis Reford, Esq.; Brookfield, of T. Tripp, Esq.;
Cromac, of T. Garret, Esq. 3 Duncairn, of A. J. Macrorey,
Esq.; the Falls, of J. Sinclaire, Esq.; Fortfield, of W.
Johnson, Esq.; Fort-William, of G. Langtry, Esq.;
Glenbank of T. Mackay, Esq.; Glennalena, of W. Orr.
Esq.; Glenville, of Mrs. McCance; the Grove, of W.
Simms, Esq.; Jennymount, of R. Thomson, Esq.;
Larkfield, of Henderson Black, Esq.; Ligoneil, of A.
Stewart, Esq.; Lismoine, of R. Callwell, Esq.; the
Lodge, of J. Emerson Tennent, Esq., M.P. for Belfast;
Low-Wood, of J. Thomson, Esq.; Malone House, of
W. Wallace Legge, Esq.; Mount Collier, of A. Mulhol-
land, Esq.; Mount Vernon, of Hill Hamilton, Esq.;
New Forge, of J. Ferguson, Esq.; Park-Mount, of J.
McNeile, Esq.; Old Park, of H. Lyons, Esq.; Sea-view,
of J. Boomer, Esq.; Springfield, of J. Stevenson, Esq.;
Strandmillis, of G. Black, Esq.; Suffolk, of W. McCance,
Esq.; Wheatfield, of J. Blair, Esq.; Willmount, of J,
Stewart, Esq.; Wolf Hill, of Mrs. Thompson; Wood-
burn, of M. Charley, Esq.; Finaghy, of J. Charley,
Esq.; and Strigoniel, of J. Steen, jun., Esq. The mineral
productions are coal, iron, manganese, marble, limestone,
freestone, gypsum, and fullers’ earth, of which only the
limestone is worked; the coal seams are seen in the
Collin and Dunmurry water, and under the lands of
Willmount, near which place also, and at New Forge,
is the iron; the manganese, at the foot of the Black
mountain, near which is a fine stratum of grey marble;
and the gypsum, in the Collin and Forth water. Among
the eminent natives of this place may be noticed, Dr.
Black, the celebrated chymist; the Rev. T. Romney
Robinson, author of an able mathematical work, and