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four pay schools at Arranmore. There are still some
very interesting remains not only of druidical antiquity,
but also of the ancient churches and monasteries. The
ruins of the old abbey of Kill-Enda are situated nearly
at the eastern extremity of the largest island; and in
the opposite direction are the ruins of seven churches,
one of which, called Tempeil-Brecain, was probably
dedicated to that saint Near it is a holy well, and
throughout the island are various others, and also nu-
merous ancient crosses In Ennismain are the ruins o
two churches, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin; and in
Innishere, anciently called Arran Coemhain, were three,
namely, St. Coemhain’s or Kevin’s, St. Paul’s, and
Kill-i-Gradhandomhain, with the first of which was
connected a monastery founded by St. Fechin. The
most remarkable of the primitive fortifications is Dun-
Engus, situated on the summit of a great precipice
overhanging the sea: it consists of three enclosures,
the largest of which is encircled by a rampart of
large stones standing on end; and there are one of
similar size and others smaller. From the secluded
situation of these islands, the language, manners,
customs, and dress of the natives are peculiarly
primitive; instances of longevity are remarkable. The
shoes worn are simply a piece of raw cow hide, rather
longer than the foot, and stitched close at the toes and
heel with a piece of fishing line. The Irish language
is commonly spoken, and being replete with primitive
words, varies from the dialect of the natives of the main-
land, but not so as to be unintelligible; a great portion of
the inhabitants, however, speak good English In the
Great Island is a place called the Field of Skulls, from
the number of human bones found in it, and thence
supposed to have been the site of a battle fought during
some intestine quarrel of the O’Briens.
ARRANMORE, an island, in the parish of TEMPLE-
CROAN, barony of BOYLAGH, county of DONEGAL, and
province of ULSTER, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Rutland;
containing, in 1834, 1141 inhabitants. This is the
largest of a group of islands called the Rosses, lying off
the north-west coast, about two miles from the shore,
in Iat. 54° 51’ 45” (N.), and Ion. 8° 31’ 45” (W.): it is
three miles in length and three in breadth, and is about
nine miles distant from the mainland; comprising, ac-
cording to the Ordnance survey, 4355 statute acres, of
which about 650 only are under cultivation and in pasture,
and the remainder is rugged mountain. In 1784 a
large herring fishery was carried on successfully on
this part of the coast, in which 400 sail of vessels and
about 1000 small boats were employed; but within the
last thirty or forty years it has been entirely discon-
tinued. On the north point of the island, which is a
large rock of granite, was formerly a lighthouse, fitted
up with an improved apparatus in 1817 by the corpo-
ration for the improvements of the port of Dublin, which
has since been removed to Tory Island; the house
remains, but is not lighted. There is good anchorage
on the east side of the island in an open roadstead. In
the R. C. divisions this place forms part of the parish of
Templenane or Templecroder, in which is the chapel,
where divine service is performed every third Sunday.
ARTAGH.—SeeTAUGHBOYNE.
ARTANE, otherwise ARTAINE, a parish, in the
barony of COOLOCK, county of DUBLIN, and province of
LEINSTER, 2½ miles (N.) from the Post-office, Dublin;
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containing 583 inhabitants. The village is situated on the
road from Dublin to Malahide, and has a penny post.
Artane castle was long the property of the Donellans
of Ravensdale, and is said to have been the scene of
the death of John Alen or Alan, Archbishop of Dublin,
who, in endeavouring to escape from the vengeance of
the house of Kildare, which he had provoked by his ad-
herence to the will and measures of Cardinal Wolsey, was
shipwrecked near Clontarf; and being made prisoner by
some followers of that family, was brought before Lord
Thos. Fitzgerald, then posted here with the insurgent
army, whom he earnestly entreated to spare his life;
but, either failing in his supplications, or from the wil-
ful misconstruction of a contemptuous expression by
Fitzgerald into a sentence of death on the part of those
around him, as variously alleged by different writers, he
was instantly slain in the great hall of the castle, on the
28th of July, 1534. On the breaking out of hostilities
in 1641, it was taken by Luke Netterville, one of the
R. C. leaders, at the head of a body of royalists, and
garrisoned The parish comprises 946 statute acres, of
which about 20, including roads, are untitheable and of
no value. The old castle was pulled down in 1825,
and on its site and with its materials was erected, by the
late Matthew Boyle, Esq., uncle of the present pro-
prietor, M. Callaghan, Esq., a handsome house, which
commands a splendid view of the islands of Lambay and
Ireland’s Eye, the hill of Howth, and the Dublin and
Wicklow mountains The other seats are Elm Park,
the residence of T. Hutton, Esq.; Thorndale, of D. H.
Sherrard, Esq.; Woodville, of J. Cornwall, Esq.; Artaine
House, of T. Alley, Esq.; Mount Dillon, of H. Cooper,
Esq.; Kilmore House, of H. Hutton, Esq.; Belfield, of
Capt. Cottingham; Artaine Cottage, of J. Cusack, Esq.;
Pozzodigotto, of Mrs. Atkinson; and Stella Lodge, of
M. Curwen, Esq. In its ecclesiastical concerns this is
a chapelry, in the diocese of Dublin, and one of three
which, with the rectory of Finglas and the curacy of St.
Werburgh’s, Dublin, constitute the corps of the chan-
cellorship in the cathedral church of St. Patrick, Dublin,
which is in the patronage of the Archbishop. The
church is a picturesque ruin, partly covered with ivy: in
the burial-ground is a tombstone to the Hollywood family,
to which the manor belonged for many ages, and of
which John Hollywood, a distinguished mathematician
and philosopher of the 13th century, was a member.
In the R. C. divisions it is in the union or district of
Clontarf, Coolock, and Santry. A neat school-house for
boys and girls, with apartments for the master and mis-
tress, was built near the old church by the late M.
Boyle, Esq., in 1832, at an expense of more than £600,
of which £150 was repaid by the National Board, which
contributes £25 per annum towards the support of the
school, and, in 1833, Mr. Boyle bequeathed £10 per
annum for the same purpose: the number of boys on
the books is 116, and of girls, 107.
ARTHURSTOWN, or KING’S-BAY, a post-town,
in the parish of ST. JAMES, barony of SHELBURNE,
county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 9¼
miles (S. E. by S.) from New Ross, and 80 (S. by W.)
from Dublin; containing 170 inhabitants. This place is
situated on Waterford harbour, three miles below the
junction of the rivers Barrow, Suir, and Nore, and derives
its origin and name from its proprietor, Arthur, first and
present Lord Templemore, whose seat is here, and by